Design, simulation and implementation of a PID vector control for EHVPMSM for an automobile with hybrid technology

This work proposes a Model design simulation and implementation of a novel engine of an Electric Hybrid Vehicle of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (EHVPMSM) based on field oriented vector control. The experimental analysis was carried out using: automotive motor control MTRCKTSPS5604P, 3-Phase PMSM coded of a single Motor Control Kit with MPC5604P MCU and simulation with Simulink. Therefore, the direct torque control can be obtained by adjusting the magnitude and phase angle of the stator flux linkage to match the vector torque required by the load as fast as possible. This eradicates the stress of charging the vehicle battery. It automatically charges when it is connected to the main supply of the EHVPMSM. The electromagnetic torque can be increased from 0 Nm to 6.7 Nm in approximately 340 μs. The response of speed transient was from −2100 rpm to +2100 rpm in 100 ms of 6.7 Nm torque limit. This is a novel way of conserving the energy consumption in a vehicle, which conserves space and weight and minimizes cost as it is simply done with low-cost materials. In this research, a new mathematical model is proposed for the direct and quadrature axis of the current to control the speed mechanism for the engine. Computer simulation ensures experimental validation of the system with a percentage error of 4.5%. The methodology employed to control the system was with the use of various sensors and software controller, this can be easily implemented in industry and institutional laboratory of learning. Keywords: Permanent magnet machines, PID, EHVPMSM, Vector control, Hybrid vehicl

Temporal variation of exposure from radio-frequency electromagnetic fields around mobile communication base stations

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) are subjected to a public perceived risk of adverse effects, and results from many epidemiology studies were largely inconclusive. Results of EMF measurements vary among researchers due to co-varieties of factors among which are temporal variations. This study assessed temporal variation of exposure from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from some selected MCBSs in Kuje Area Council, in Nigeria. The Mobile phone frequencies band considered in the study area are GSM 900 MHz, GSM 1800 MHz, and Wi-Fi 2400 MHz. Using a selective radiation spectral analyzer HF- 2025E, measurements of peak power densities and their corresponding time of occurrence were made. The result shows that the RF fields vary with time in different locations for various power densities. When the aggregate of maximum exposures was compared with the international commission on Non – ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP) guidelines, they were found to be below the recommended limit

Hysteresis analysis of Thornton (IP6, IP12E and TH5V) magnetic materials through the use of Arduino microcontroller

Electromagnetic devices have become increasingly important within the manufacturing industries and their applications ranges from memory devices, semiconductors to medical and bio-mechatronics (i.e. in the testing of medicines and observation of human internal organs). However, due to high cost and availability, the equipment capable of measuring the magnetic field of humane treatment and observations are difficult to acquire. This work is carried out to develop resources that can be widely adopted for the purpose of presenting science based medical results involved in bio-mechatronics analysis and present science based instrumentation strategy. Effect sensors were incorporated with an Arduino UNO microcontroller to serve as the interface between the sensors and the material. The basic parameters of an electric, magnetic and electromagnetic field were established for Histeresimetro development. This would reduce the problem of measuring magnetic fields and sort different materials according to their behavior when subjected to electromagnetic fields. The proposed strategy could also be adopted to measure the degree of hysteresis of materials at a lower cost. Keywords: Magnetometer, Arduino UNO, Magnetic field, Electromagnetic fields hysteresis senso

Design and finite element analysis of a fatigue life prediction for safe and economical machine shaft

In materials engineers, it is important to determine the cause of failure of a machine component, to prevent prospect occurrences and increase the performance of the component structure. In this study, the parameters of the fatigue life of machine shafts are investigated. An analysis of the nut cracking machine shaft was conceded for plastic deformations. The optimum safe and economical design of a machine shaft was proposed. The 3D model of a shaft was produced with Inventor® using absolute coordinate. The results of the commercial finite element analysis (FEA) and calculations are compared with results obtained earlier by other methods. The analysis of 30 mm shaft diameters under the maximum torque of 72.0 Nm shows a factor of safety of 10, while the 20 mm shaft diameter under the same torque gives a factor of safety of 2. This will provide designers guidelines to forecast the design on fatigue strength of a machine shaft. Keywords: Finite element simulation, Machine shaft, Fatigue life prediction, Factor of safety, Stress analysi

Experimental analysis of electro-pneumatic optimization of hot stamping machine control systems with on-delay timer

The sustainability criterion in the manufacturing industries is imperative, especially in the automobile industries. Currently, efforts are being made by the industries to mitigate CO2 emission by the total vehicle weight optimization, machine utilization and resource efficiency. In lieu of this, it is important to understudy the manufacturing machines adopted in the automobile industries. One of such machine is the hot stamping machine that is used for about 35% of the manufacturing operations within the automobile industries. Therefore, the standardization and optimization of the hot stamping process could reduce the carbon footprint within the automobile industries. This work understudied the on-delay timer functional valve of the hot stamping machine in order to determine various process parameters affecting it. The detailed physical model of the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic cylinder systems for the control is simulated and optimized for both the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic cylinder systems. Experimental and simulation model were established at the FESTO work station and FESTO FluidSIM® 5.1 respectively to evaluate the effective velocity, accelerations, displacement, and flow rate for the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic actuator on both systems. Comparisons were made between pneumatic and electro-pneumatic cylinder systems on their characteristic curve in order to optimize the process variables. The result favours the electro-pneumatic cylinder systems in stability and in designing hot stamping machines. The result obtained could elucidate the understanding of the pressing arm of a hot stamping machine

Behavioural Study of High Carbon Steel Material in Hot and Cold Working Media: A Review

Due to its exceptional mechanical properties, such as its high strength and hardness, high-carbon steel is utilised extensively in various industries. The way of behaving of high-carbon steel is impacted by various handling strategies, for example, hot working and cold working, which can influence its microstructure and mechanical properties. The review aims to Study the behaviour of high-carbon steel material in hot and cold working media. Also, to look at the effects of hot and cold working on the macrostructure of the high carbon steel and the mechanical properties such as hardness, comprehension, impact tests, tensile stress and strain analysis. From the review, the hot and cold working processes, such as bending, rolling, and squeezing, for the result obtained from the hardness test shows the hardness value for hot rolling is higher than that of cold rolling (it is generally expected for hardness obtained from cold rolling should be higher than that from hot rolling) this may be due to the variations in the rolling parameters. While the hardness obtained from cold bending s higher than that from hot bending, and the hardness value obtained from hot squeezing is higher than that of cold squeezing. The results for hot bending of high-carbon steel show improved ductility and reduced risk of cracking compared to cold bending. This viable finding is highly significant to manufacturers to enable the production of sustainable materials for structural applications