2 research outputs found
Biological Resolution of Virulence Genes of Salmonella Species from different Microbiomes
The pathogenic promiscuity of virulence associated macromolecules in Salmonella infection is a key driver to their wide epidemiology and curtailing such distribution is contingent upon proper clarification of these virulence genes. This study was therefore aimed at determining the virulence genes of Salmonella species from different microbiomes. To achieve this, a total of three hundred (300) biological specimens were aseptically collected and processed for Salmonella presence using the BAM USFDA technique prior to their genotypic characterization while virulence gene detection was carried out in a primer specific polymerase chain reaction. Results obtained depict the distribution of the following Salmonella species viz; Salmonella gallinarum 19(26.39%), Salmonella heidelberg 19(26.39%), Salmonella enteritidis 18(25%) and Salmonella typhimurium 16(22.22%) while the occurrence of the virulence genes (InvA, SopE, AgfA and SpvC) were Salmonella enteritidis ( 7(38.8), 6(33.3), 9(50), 3(16.7), Salmonella typhimurium ( 5(26.3), 3(15.8), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)), Salmonella heidelberg (0(0), 8(50), 4(25), 4(25), and Salmonella gallinarum (12(63.2), 6(31.6), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)) respectively. It was however found that the different microbiomes analyzed were ubiquitously rich in virulence genes associated Salmonella species.
La promiscuitĂ© pathogène des macromolĂ©cules associĂ©es Ă la virulence dans l’infection Ă Salmonella est un facteur clĂ© de leur large Ă©pidĂ©miologie et la rĂ©duction de cette distribution dĂ©pend de la clarification appropriĂ©e de ces gènes de virulence. Cette Ă©tude visait donc Ă dĂ©terminer les gènes de virulence des espèces de Salmonella de diffĂ©rents microbiomes. Pour ce faire, un total de trois cents (300) Ă©chantillons biologiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s et traitĂ©s de manière aseptique pour la prĂ©sence de Salmonella Ă l’aide de la technique BAM USFDA avant leur caractĂ©risation gĂ©notypique tandis que la dĂ©tection du gène de virulence a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans une rĂ©action en chaĂ®ne par polymĂ©rase spĂ©cifique Ă l’amorce. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus dĂ©crivent la distribution des espèces de Salmonella suivantes, Ă savoir ; Salmonella gallinarum 19(26,39%), Salmonella heidelberg 19(26,39%), Salmonella enteritidis 18(25%) et Salmonella typhimurium 16(22,22%) alors que la prĂ©sence des gènes de virulence (InvA, SopE, AgfA et SpvC) Ă©tait Salmonella enteritidis ( 7(38,8), 6(33,3), 9(50), 3(16,7), Salmonella typhimurium ( 5(26,3), 3(15,8), 2(10,5), 7(36,8)), Salmonella heidelberg (0( 0), 8(50), 4(25), 4(25) et Salmonella gallinarum (12(63.2), 6(31.6), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)) respectivement. diffĂ©rents microbiomes analysĂ©s Ă©taient ubiquitairement riches en gènes de virulence associĂ©s aux espèces de Salmonella  
Residual effects of animal manures on physical and chemical characteristics of silage produced from Panicum maximum (Ntchisi) in Abeokuta south-west, Nigeria
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of animal manures on chemical composition of silage produced from Panicum maximum (Ntchisi) two - years post application. The plots were established in June 2010 during this period, animal manures from cattle dung, swine waste, poultry droppings and small ruminant waste had been applied. In late July 2011, (i.e. after 8 weeks of re-growth) the forage materials were harvested at 25 cm above ground level from the plots where Panicum maximum (Ntchisi)[ P. maximum N ]fertilized with different animal manures were grown to produce silage. The silages were opened after 45 and 90 days of ensiling and sub samples were taken for determination of physical and chemical characteristics. The experiment consists of two factors namely; four manure types and control (i.e. without manure) and two lengths of ensiling (45 and 90 days).It was 5 x 2 factorial arrangements with 3 replicates. It was observed that all the parameters of physical characteristics of silage were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced except moisture content. Also, proximate and fibre compositions parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different. The animal manures applied had positive effect on mouldiness of silage and, this was more pronounced in cattle manure at 90 days of ensiling. The silage produced from poultry–manure fertilized grass had desirable crude protein value, but at 90 days of ensiling, the best performance was observed with a considerable low ADF value. To ensure all yearround production of ruminants through adequate feeding with silage, Panicum maximum (Ntchisi) fertilized with poultry manure ensiled for 90 days is therefore recommended for the farmers.Key words: residual; organic manure; silage; Panicum maximum (Ntchisi