Essential oil from the stem bark of Cordia sebestena scavenges free radicals

AbstractBackgroundEssential oils have been reported to possess various medicinal properties in folkloric medical practices. Their application in modern medicine has also increased recently.Materials and methodsThe chemical composition of the essential oil from the stem bark of Cordia sebestena obtained by hydrodistillation was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and analyzed for its free radical scavenging potential using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.ResultsA total of nineteen compounds were identified with the major compounds being 9-octadecene (E) (20.26%), 5-octadecene (E) (18.68%), 9-eicosene (13.99%), cyclopropane, nonyl (12.42%), 3-eicosene (E) (7.29%), phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (4.71%), 1-nonadecene (3.17%), 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (2.70%), and 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2.17%). The DPPH radical scavenging potential of the oil was higher than the standard, butylated hydroxyanisole, with IC50 of 2.00 ± 0.31 μg/mL and 47.00 ± 1.27 μg/mL, respectively. At 50 μg/mL, the antioxidant potential of the butylated hydroxyanisole was 75% whereas the oil had 82% free radical scavenging activity. Several hydrocarbons contained in the essential oil may have contributed to the aromatic and antioxidant properties of the plant. The hydrocarbons could be useful for chemotaxonomic characterization of Cordia sebestena.ConclusionThe essential oil may be further explored for its potential as an antioxidant contributor in food and phytotherapeutic medicine

Chemical Composition, Microbial Content and Sensory Evaluation of Smoked Farmed Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Raised Under Different Culture Systems in Ibadan, Nigeria

This paper examined chemical composition, microbial content and sensory evaluation of smoked farmed catfish Clarias gariepinus raised in different culture systems with a view to determining its quality and shelf life at ambient temperatures (28 ±2oC) and relative humidity (75% - 85%). Six farms with the two most common fish culture systems (3 concrete tanks (CTs) and 3 earthen pond (EPs) were selected based on frequency of harvest and yield. Fish samples (500±10g) obtained from these farms after 4 months of culture were processed, smoked, packaged and stored for 36 weeks. The values of moisture content, ether extract, crude protein, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract obtained from smoked farmed C. gariepinus during storage ranged from 4.67% – 21.69%; 21.00% - 20.79%; 65.02% - 49.35%; 5.51% - 0.03%; 1.00% - 1.37% and 2.81% - 6.60%, respectively. Highest total viable count (TVC) in processed catfish from both systems (1.27x106±0.01cfu/g) were obtained in the 36th week of storage. Storage time has significant effects (p<0.05) on TVC. Smoked fish from local fish processor (LFP) had highest TVC >107cfu/g. Best sensory scores in processed catfish were 7.0±0.01; 6.5±0.01 and 5.0±0.03 at 24 week of storage for fish from EP, CT and LFP, respectively. All quality and safety indices were within International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Foods acceptable limits. Keywords: Total viable count, smoked fish, quality changes, protein content, textur

Chemical composition and antioxidant potentials of Kigelia pinnata root oil and extracts

The chemical composition of Kigelia pinnata root oil extracted with n-hexane was analyzed by GC/GCMS. The antioxidant potential of the oil was compared to that of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the root. UV and IR spectroscopic techniques were used to carry out partial characterization of the oil and extracts. The free radical scavenging activity by spectrophotometric assay on the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was examined while the total antioxidant activity (TAA) and relative antioxidant activity (RAA) were compared with standard antioxidant, α-tocopherol. The antioxidant activity (which correlated with the total phenolic content of the extracts) was assumed to be from the total phenolic content of the extracts. TAA was found to be higher in methanol extract (at 0.25 mg/mL). We hereby report for the first time the major component of the oil from the root of Kigelia pinnata to be elaidic acid (56.12 %). It is a reported toxicant which thereby underscores the risk in the use of the plant in traditional therapies

Value Chain Analysis of the Artisanal Fisheries of the Ogun Waterside Area, Nigeria

The artisanal fisheries sector makes a significant contribution to income, employment creation and food security in Nigeria. To help improve the economics performance of the artisanal fisheries in the artisanal fisheries of Ogun waterside, this report presents the outputs of a value-chain study for the sector. The study was taken up with the objective of identification of local market potential for species of fish commonly found in the catch of artisanal fisherfolk. The study methodology included both desk research and primary research in the various markets of the study area. Various tools and technique of research including structured questionnaire, personal interviews and group discussion were used to collect quantitative and qualitative information about financial performance, employment creation, and the critical factors impacting on the performance of each sub-sector of the value-chain during the primary study. A sample of 120 respondents from different sections of the fishery trade was used in the study. The results have shed some light on the different value chains present in the trade. It also gives a detail description of the various players involved, their roles and responsibilities, the cost of operation and the barriers to entry, mobility and exit at various points of the value chain. The major problems constraints in the fisheries development are namely; poor transportation network, high cost of fishing inputs, inadequate funding and poor storage facilities. Appropriate measures have been recommended. Key words: Value chains, Artisanal fisheries, and Nigeria.Keywords: Value Chain Analysis, Fisheries Economics, Markets and Trad

AYANBOYE 95.pdf

The artisanal fisheries sector makes a significant contribution to income, employment creation and food security in Nigeria. To help improve the economics performance of the artisanal fisheries in the artisanal fisheries of Ogun waterside, this report presents the outputs of a value-chain study for the sector. The study was taken up with the objective of identification of local market potential for species of fish commonly found in the catch of artisanal fisherfolk. The study methodology included both desk research and primary research in the various markets of the study area. Various tools and technique of research including structured questionnaire, personal interviews and group discussion were used to collect quantitative and qualitative information about financial performance, employment creation, and the critical factors impacting on the performance of each sub-sector of the value-chain during the primary study. A sample of 120 respondents from different sections of the fishery trade was used in the study. The results have shed some light on the different value chains present in the trade. It also gives a detail description of the various players involved, their roles and responsibilities, the cost of operation and the barriers to entry, mobility and exit at various points of the value chain. The major problems constraints in the fisheries development are namely; poor transportation network, high cost of fishing inputs, inadequate funding and poor storage facilities. Appropriate measures have been recommended. Key words: Value chains, Artisanal fisheries, and Nigeria

Ayanboye 95 presentation.pdf

The artisanal fisheries sector makes a significant contribution to income, employment creation and food security in Nigeria. To help improve the economics performance of the artisanal fisheries in the artisanal fisheries of Ogun waterside, this report presents the outputs of a value-chain study for the sector. The study was taken up with the objective of identification of local market potential for species of fish commonly found in the catch of artisanal fisherfolk. The study methodology included both desk research and primary research in the various markets of the study area. Various tools and technique of research including structured questionnaire, personal interviews and group discussion were used to collect quantitative and qualitative information about financial performance, employment creation, and the critical factors impacting on the performance of each sub-sector of the value-chain during the primary study. A sample of 120 respondents from different sections of the fishery trade was used in the study. The results have shed some light on the different value chains present in the trade. It also gives a detail description of the various players involved, their roles and responsibilities, the cost of operation and the barriers to entry, mobility and exit at various points of the value chain. The major problems constraints in the fisheries development are namely; poor transportation network, high cost of fishing inputs, inadequate funding and poor storage facilities. Appropriate measures have been recommended. Key words: Value chains, Artisanal fisheries, and Nigeria