785 research outputs found
Effects of variation in water content, clay fraction and sodium carbonate additions on the synthetic moulding properties of Igbokoda clay and silica sand
Loto, C.A. and Adebayo, H., 1990. Effects of variation in water content, clay fraction and sodium
carbonate additions on the synthetic moulding properties of Igbokoda clay and silica sand. Appl.
Clay Sci., 5: 165-181.
In this investigation, the Igbokoda pure silica sand is characterised and used as a base sand for the
Igbokoda clay- sand mixture in an attempt to develop an efficient synthetic moulding sand. The mechanical
properties of the clay-sand-water mixture were determined. The effect of additions ofNa2C03
to the moulding sand was examined with particular attention to its influence on mechanical properties
of the synthetic moulding sand. The fineness number, screen bulk fraction, total coarse fraction and
the total fine fraction of Igbokoda silica sand were found to be within the range that could give good
mouldable properties. The values obtained for the green compressive strength, the dry compressive
strength, the green and dry shear strengths, collapsibility and toughness indicate that Igbokoda clay
has good values as a binder for synthetic moulding sand. In general, the addition of Na2C03 gives improved properties to the moulding sand though with a tendency towards impaired collapsibility
values
Nutritional Qualities of Three Medicinal Plant Parts (Xylopia aethiopica, Blighia sapida and Parinari polyandra) commonly used by Pregnant Women in the Western Part of Nigeria
The nutritional potentials of three medicinal plant parts used by pregnant women in the western
part of Nigeria Parinari polyandra, Blighia sapida and Xylopia aethiopica were evaluated through their
proximate compositions as well as percentage mineral elements composition. Blighia sapida was high in
crude fibre (44.09±2.20%) compared with Parinari polyandra and Xylopia aethiopica that were 4.21±1.10%
and 12.14±0.70% respectively. Moisture contents of Xylopia aethiopica and Blighia sapida were
16.04±1.25% and 10.17±2.60% respectively while that of Parinari polyandra was 30.65±5.02%. The total ash
contents of Parinari polyandra, Blighia sapida and Xylopia aethiopica were 2.53±1.20%, 3.66±1.20% and
4.37±0.85% respectively. The total fat of Xylopia aethiopica, Blighia sapida and Parinari polyandra were
9.55±2.10%, 1.25±0.20% and 0.53±0.15% respectively while the total protein of Blighia sapida, Xylopia
aethiopica and Parinari polyandra were 2.1±0.25%, 2.1±0.20% and 7.09±0.20% respectively. The total
carbohydrate of Xylopia aethiopica was 55.80±4.26%, that of Parinari polyandra was 54.27±3.20% and that
of Blighia sapida was 39.45±2.20%. Xylopia aethiopica can be a good source of magnesium (2.236±0.095),
phosphorus (0.620±0.04) and potassium (0.510±0.04) as the amount of these mineral elements were
higher than that of the other plant parts with the exception of Parinari polyandra having 0.690±0.11%
phosphorus. Blighia sapida is also a good source of phosphorus (0.400±0.20), magnesium (0.430±0.20)
and calcium (0.348±0.15). Other mineral elements detected in reasonable amounts were calcium, zinc and
sodium. Further tests revealed that heavy metals such as lead, chromium and cadmium were not detected.
The results of this research indicated that the three plants parts have nutritional qualities that could provide
the users with additional nutrients
Effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum G. on biochemical and haematological parameters of albino Wistar rats
The effect of oral administration of the leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum G. on biochemical and
haematological parameters were investigated in albino rats for 16 days. The extract did not show any
significant effect (p > 0.05) on the plasma concentrations of total bilirubin, albumin and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) as well as the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC),
reticulocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mean corpuscular haemoglobin
concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). The concentration of the platelets
was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) at 1000 mg/kg body weight, while white blood cell (WBC) was
significantly increased at 500 mg/kg body weight. The doses significantly reduced (p < 0.05) plasma
levels of AST, ALT, total protein, glucose and creatinine while urea was significantly increased. While
the extract significantly increased the lung, brain and liver-body weights, the kidney, heart, testis,
spleen and epididymis-body weights were not significantly affected. The result suggests that the leaf
extract of C. albidum contains antiplatelet and hypoglycemic properties and exhibited selective organ
toxicity to the rats
Toxicological evaluation of precocene II isolated from Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) in Sprague Dawley rats
Precocene II (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2-chromene) was the main constituent isolated from Ageratum
conyzoides L. and reportedly possessed antifungal activity. The study investigated the isolation,
purification and toxicological effects of precocene II from A. conyzoides in Sprague Dawley rats.
Precocene II was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the plant and the structure was
determined by 1H-,13C-,DEPT-NMR and MS spectral techniques. Three groups of eight rats per group
were used for the study. While groups B and C were respectively administered with 25 and 50 mg/kg of
precocene II in 0.25% CMC-Na for 11 days by gastric intubation, group A was administered with 0.25%
CMC-Na and served as the control group. After the last treatment, animals were fasted overnight and on
the 12th day, they were injected intravenously with 0.2 ml/kg body weight of phenobarbital. Animals
were subsequently dissected from the abdominal region; blood was collected from the pulmonary vein
into EDTA anti-coagulated and non anti-coagulated tubes. The liver, kidney and spleen tissues were
extracted into separate bottles for histopathological examinations. Results from hematological study
indicated that the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), plateletcrit (PCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin count (MCHC) were significantly higher across the treated groups. Biochemical result showed that serum glucose level was significantly reduced in the treated groups. No apparent damage was noticed in the liver, kidney and spleen tissues. The result therefore suggests that precocene II
possesses hypoglycemic property and could alter some hematopoietic elements but was not toxic to the liver, kidney and spleen tissues
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF VIBURNUM OPULUS (L) EXTRACT AND ITS TOXICITY STUDIES IN RATS
This study was aimed at establishing the antimicrobial and phytochemical profiles of Viburnum opulus (L) as well as the safety potential of the extract in albino Wistar rats. Ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions were prepared for both phytochemical assessment using gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis (GC-MS)1. Five groups of seven rats were used for the study. Group A received distilled water (control), while groups B to E were treated respectively with 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight of V. opulus extract by abdominal canulisation for 28 days2. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical analyses and the liver tissues were further processed for histological studies. The GC-MS spectra revealed the existence of various phytoconstituents such as neophytadiene, germaciene, caryophyllene among others. High density lipoprotein and albumin were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in animals administered with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw of the leaf extract. Ethanol, butanol and water fractions of the leaf of V. opulus showed antimicrobial action against most of the organisms used in this study. The result indicates the V. opulus leaf extract contains a wild range of fatty acids and heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial efficacy and no hepatic damage
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF VIBURNUM OPULUS (L) EXTRACT AND ITS TOXICITY STUDIES IN RATS
Objectives: This study was aimed at establishing the antimicrobial and phytochemical profiles of Viburnum opulus (L) as well as the safety potential
of the extract in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions were prepared for both phytochemical assessments using gas chromatographymass
spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Five groups of seven rats were used for the study. Group A received distilled water (control), while Groups B to E
were treated, respectively, with 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg body weight of V. opulus extract by abdominal canalization for 28 days. Blood samples
were obtained for biochemical analyses, and the liver tissues were further processed for histological studies.
Results: The GC-MS spectra revealed the existence of various phytoconstituents such as neophytadiene, germaciene, and caryophyllene among
others. High-density lipoprotein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in animals administered with 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg bw of the
leaf extract. Ethanol, butanol, and water fractions of the leaf of V. opulus showed antimicrobial action against most of the organisms used in this study.
Conclusion: The result indicates that V. opulus leaf extract contains a wild range of fatty acids and heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial efficacy
and showing no hepatic damage
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Viburnum Opulus (L) Extract and its Toxicity Studies in Rats
Objectives: This study was aimed at establishing the antimicrobial and phytochemical profiles of Viburnum opulus (L) as well as the safety potential
of the extract in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water fractions were prepared for both phytochemical assessments using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Five groups of seven rats were used for the study. Group A received distilled water (control), while Groups B to E were treated, respectively, with 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg body weight of V. opulus extract by abdominal canalization for 28 days. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, and the liver tissues were further processed for histological studies.
Results: The GC-MS spectra revealed the existence of various phytoconstituents such as neophytadiene, germaciene, and caryophyllene among others. High-density lipoprotein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in animals administered with 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg bw of the leaf extract. Ethanol, butanol, and water fractions of the leaf of V. opulus showed antimicrobial action against most of the organisms used in this study.
Conclusion: The result indicate
Protective Properties of Citrullus lanatus on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats
Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the leaf extract of Citrullus
lanatus on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rats.
Methodology: Hepatoprotective study was conducted using five groups (A-E) of six male
rats per group. Groups A and B served as the control groups and were respectively
administered with distilled water and CCl4 in olive oil while groups C, D and E were
administered respectively with 500, 1,000 and 1,500mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic
leaf extract of C. lanatus for 7 days. Animals were subsequently anaesthetized, blood
samples were collected for alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase
(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein and albumin assays; liver
organ was isolated and processed for biochemical and histopathological studies.
Results: There were significant increases (P=0.05) in the serum levels of ALT and AST
both in the plasma and liver homogenate in the group treated with CCl4 as compared to
negative control group; while in the extract treated group, there was a decrease in the
levels of the aminotransferases. Histopathological studies showed severe portal congestion and necrosis of hepatocytes in the group treated with CCl4 while the groups
administered with the extract treated group showed a moderate venous congestion with
absence of necrosis.
Conclusion: These results highlight the ability of the leaf extract of C. lanatus to
ameliorate damage in the liver of albino rat
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