Coupling of winding models and roll quality instruments

Winding models have been under development for roughly 50 years. These models have become mature in their ability to predict the internal residual stresses within a wound roll as a function of winder type, winder operating parameters, web and core material parameters and non-uniformity inherent in the web. The internal stresses are useful when predicting winding defects. The majority of the instruments that have been developed to infer the quality of rolls wound in production environments are dynamic hardness testers that provide output in unique units. These devices are very useful in the production environment for studying cross machine direction (CMD) variation of hardness in wound rolls. This variation could have resulted independently from web tension, nip load, web thickness, modulus or length non-uniformity in the CMD. It could also have resulted from combined non-uniformity from all of these sources but hardness testers have no means to determine the source of hardness variation. The coupling of winding models and dynamic roll hardness testers will move roll quality improvement to an advanced diagnostic level. We will demonstrate that it has become possible for winding models which have been extended with dynamic impact models to provide estimates of hardness in the unique units of any test instrument. Our goal is to promote improvement in roll quality by the combined use of winding models and dynamic hardness testers to minimize wound roll defects.Mechanical and Aerospace Engineerin

Heteroepitaxial growth of ferromagnetic MnSb(0001) films on Ge/Si(111) virtual substrates

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of ferromagnetic MnSb(0001) has been achieved on high quality, fully relaxed Ge(111)/Si(111) virtual substrates grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. The epilayers were characterized using reflection high energy electron diffraction, synchrotron hard X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The surface reconstructions, magnetic properties, crystalline quality, and strain relaxation behavior of the MnSb films are similar to those of MnSb grown on GaAs(111). In contrast to GaAs substrates, segregation of substrate atoms through the MnSb film does not occur, and alternative polymorphs of MnSb are absent

Bacteriophage T4 regA protein binds to the Shine-Dalgarno region of gene 44 mRNA.

We have overproduced and purified wild type regA protein, a translational repressor encoded by bacteriophage T4. The repressor activity of the cloned regA protein has been tested on four known regA target genes (T4 genes: 44, 45, rpbA and regA) using in vitro coupled transcription-translation reactions. We have demonstrated the sensitivity of two additional T4 genes coding for alpha- and beta-glucosyltransferases to regA protein in vitro. The regA target site on the gene 44 messenger RNA has been identified through deletion analysis and RNase protection assays, using plasmids containing gene 44-lacZ fusions. The effect of regA protein on expression of 44P-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins was assayed in vitro, in coupled transcription-translation reactions. Analysis of deletion mutants of gene 44-lacZ localized the regA recognition region to between nucleotides -11 and +9 of the mRNA. RNase protection assays of g44-lacZ transcripts further defined the site of regA protein interaction to between nucleotides -10 and +2 of the mRNA. This region overlaps the gene 44 Shine-Dalgarno region and the A and U of the initiation codon

Daucus carota and baker's yeast mediated bio-reduction of prochiral ketones

Stereoselective reduction of prochiral ketones to the corresponding alcohols using biocatalysts has attracted much attention, from the viewpoint of green chemistry. Asymmetric reduction of indanone, tetralone and hydroxyl trimonoterpene ketones to the corresponding enantiomerically pure (S)-alcohols, using Daucus carota plant homogenate and fermented baker's yeast cells, is described. The present study illustrates the broad substrate selectivity of the dehydrogenase enzymes present in the D. carota in the synthesis of a wide range of chiral secondary alcohols of biological importance