28 research outputs found
Ladislav Cabada, Šárka Waisová a kol.: BezpeÄŤnostnĂ, zahraniÄŤnĂ a evropská politika VisegrádskĂ© skupiny
Visegrádská skupina se po rozpadu sovÄ›tskĂ©ho bloku stala nejvĂ˝raznÄ›jšĂm
regionálnĂm uskupenĂm v prostoru stĹ™ednĂ Evropy. Historicky se jedná o
region s mimořádnou geopolitickou senzitivitou, přičemž po pádu železné
opony se státy v nÄ›m leĹľĂcĂ jednoznaÄŤnÄ› vyslovily pro definitivnĂ zaÄŤlenÄ›nĂ
do západnĂch integraÄŤnĂch struktur. NehledÄ› na ĂşspÄ›ch tohoto snaĹľenĂ a
ÄŤlenstvĂ v EU a NATO vnĂmajĂ i v souÄŤasnosti státy stĹ™ednĂ Evropy svou
perifernà pozici a snažà se společně čelit hrozbám a výzvám pro svou
bezpeÄŤnost. Naše kniha analyzuje, jakĂ© strategie a pĹ™Ăstupy Visegrádská
čtyřka a jejà členské státy v oblasti bezpečnostnà a zahraničnà politiky
preferujĂ, jaká rizika vnĂmajĂ jako nejvĂ˝raznÄ›jšà a jakĂ© návrhy opatĹ™enĂ a
Ĺ™ešenĂ spoleÄŤnÄ› ÄŤi jednostrannÄ› prosazujĂ
Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition
The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies
Impact of the USA on the EU's actorness in the Iran negotiation
Impact of the USA on the EU's actorness in the Iran negotiation A. Rosenheim, LS 2018/2019 1 Abstract In 2006 an extensive negotiation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a wide international coalition (P5+1) was established to discuss the Iranian nuclear programme that has become the main priority regarding Iran after the revelations made in 2002. Most of the time during the course of this negotiation, the European Union performed a leading role of the entire P5+1 group that includes other major players in global politics. Using criteria of actorness defined by Lynne Dryburgh, this thesis evaluates the EU's concrete political actions taken within this complex process and analyses the potential U.S. influence on the EU's actorness through a comparison of the character of EU's actorness in two given periods (2006-2016 and 2017-2018). The analysis of this thesis is based mainly on EU's official documents (conclusions of the Council of the EU and the European Council) and statements of other entities' representatives involved in the negotiation. By means of evaluation of the chosen criteria, this thesis concludes that while the changed approach of the American administrative has influenced some aspect of the EU's position, the Union's actorness towards Iran has remained intact
The Role of Scientific Knowledge in International Policymaking: the Case of European Union's Science Diplomacy
Master's Thesis Adam Rosenheim Summer 2021/2022 Abstract Science has long been an integral part of the relations among nations and of foreign policy endeavours of states. However, the term science diplomacy is relatively new, meaning more theoretically anchored research needs to be developed. Additionally, as the current world's challenges increasingly require a broad international response based on sound scientific knowledge, the worlds of science and policymaking become more interconnected. This thesis, therefore, attempts to articulate its understanding of the concept of science diplomacy and then presents an innovative conceptual framework for the study of the term. The research later analyses the role of specific scientific knowledge in international policymaking in the concrete case of two biodiversity protection strategies of the European Union using the proposed conceptual framework. It concludes that the categories of the proposed framework are not definitive in the sense that they could be assigned to a specific piece of expert-based information when it enters the policy process, which would then retain the categorisation permanently. On the contrary, the research has indicated that the proposed categories serve as temporary designations of the specific information, which can change over time...
Role vÄ›deckĂ©ho poznánĂ pĹ™i tvorbÄ› mezinárodnĂch politik: pĹ™Ăpad vÄ›deckĂ© diplomacie EvropskĂ© unie
Master's Thesis Adam Rosenheim Summer 2021/2022 Abstract Science has long been an integral part of the relations among nations and of foreign policy endeavours of states. However, the term science diplomacy is relatively new, meaning more theoretically anchored research needs to be developed. Additionally, as the current world's challenges increasingly require a broad international response based on sound scientific knowledge, the worlds of science and policymaking become more interconnected. This thesis, therefore, attempts to articulate its understanding of the concept of science diplomacy and then presents an innovative conceptual framework for the study of the term. The research later analyses the role of specific scientific knowledge in international policymaking in the concrete case of two biodiversity protection strategies of the European Union using the proposed conceptual framework. It concludes that the categories of the proposed framework are not definitive in the sense that they could be assigned to a specific piece of expert-based information when it enters the policy process, which would then retain the categorisation permanently. On the contrary, the research has indicated that the proposed categories serve as temporary designations of the specific information, which can change over time....Diplomová práce Adam Rosenheim LS 2021/2022 Abstrakt VÄ›da je jiĹľ dlouho nedĂlnou součástĂ vztahĹŻ mezi národy a zahraniÄŤnÄ›politickĂ˝ch snah státĹŻ. TermĂn vÄ›decká diplomacie je však relativnÄ› novĂ˝, coĹľ znamená, Ĺľe je tĹ™eba rozvĂjet teoreticky ukotvenĂ˝ vĂ˝zkum tohoto konceptu. NavĂc s tĂm, jak souÄŤasnĂ© svÄ›tovĂ© vĂ˝zvy stále vĂce vyĹľadujà širokou mezinárodnĂ odpověď zaloĹľenou na vÄ›rohodnĂ˝ch vÄ›deckĂ˝ch poznatcĂch, docházĂ k vÄ›tšĂmu propojenĂ svÄ›ta vÄ›dy a oblasti tvorby politik. Tato práce se proto pokoušà formulovat svĂ© chápánĂ pojmu vÄ›decká diplomacie a pozdÄ›ji pĹ™edstavuje inovativnĂ konceptuálnĂ rámec pro studium tohoto konceptu. S vyuĹľitĂm navrĹľenĂ©ho koncepÄŤnĂho rámce pak vĂ˝zkum analyzuje roli konkrĂ©tnĂch vÄ›deckĂ˝ch poznatkĹŻ pĹ™i tvorbÄ› mezinárodnĂ politiky na konkrĂ©tnĂm pĹ™ĂpadÄ› dvou strategiĂ EvropskĂ© unie na ochranu biodiverzity. Práce docházĂ k závÄ›ru, Ĺľe kategorie navrĹľenĂ©ho rámce nejsou definitivnĂ v tom smyslu, Ĺľe by mohly bĂ˝t pĹ™iĹ™azeny konkrĂ©tnĂ odbornĂ© informaci, kdyĹľ vstoupĂ do politickĂ©ho procesu, jeĹľ by si pak tuto kategorizaci trvale zachovala. Naopak, vĂ˝zkum ukázal, Ĺľe navrĹľenĂ© kategorie sloužà spĂše jako doÄŤasnĂ© oznaÄŤenĂ konkrĂ©tnĂ odbornĂ© informace, kterĂ© se mĹŻĹľe v prĹŻbÄ›hu ÄŤasu mÄ›nit. NavrĹľenĂ© kategorie by tudĂĹľ mohly bĂ˝t uĹľiteÄŤnĂ© pro sledovánĂ cesty danĂ© odbornĂ© informace v prĹŻbÄ›hu celĂ©ho procesu...Department of European StudiesKatedra evropskĂ˝ch studiĂFakulta sociálnĂch vÄ›dFaculty of Social Science
Ladislav Cabada, Šárka Waisová a kol.: BezpeÄŤnostnĂ, zahraniÄŤnĂ a evropská politika VisegrádskĂ© skupiny
Visegrádská skupina se po rozpadu sovÄ›tskĂ©ho bloku stala nejvĂ˝raznÄ›jšĂm regionálnĂm uskupenĂm v prostoru stĹ™ednĂ Evropy. Historicky se jedná o region s mimořádnou geopolitickou senzitivitou, pĹ™iÄŤemĹľ po pádu ĹľeleznĂ© opony se státy v nÄ›m leĹľĂcĂ jednoznaÄŤnÄ› vyslovily pro definitivnĂ zaÄŤlenÄ›nĂ do západnĂch integraÄŤnĂch struktur. NehledÄ› na ĂşspÄ›ch tohoto snaĹľenĂ a ÄŤlenstvĂ v EU a NATO vnĂmajĂ i v souÄŤasnosti státy stĹ™ednĂ Evropy svou perifernĂ pozici a snažà se spoleÄŤnÄ› ÄŤelit hrozbám a vĂ˝zvám pro svou bezpeÄŤnost. Naše kniha analyzuje, jakĂ© strategie a pĹ™Ăstupy Visegrádská ÄŤtyĹ™ka a jejĂ ÄŤlenskĂ© státy v oblasti bezpeÄŤnostnĂ a zahraniÄŤnĂ politiky preferujĂ, jaká rizika vnĂmajĂ jako nejvĂ˝raznÄ›jšà a jakĂ© návrhy opatĹ™enĂ a Ĺ™ešenĂ spoleÄŤnÄ› ÄŤi jednostrannÄ› prosazujĂ
Shifting baselines in Antarctic ecosystems; ecophysiological response to warming in Lissarca miliaris at Signy Island, Antarctica
The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a rapid increase in atmospheric temperature over the last 50 years. Whether or not marine organisms thriving in this cold stenothermal environment are able to cope with warming is of concern. Here, we present changes to the growth and shell characteristics of the ecologically important, small and short lived brooding bivalve Lissarca miliaris from Signy Island, Antarctica. Using material collected from the 1970’s to the present day, we show an increase in growth rate and adult shell deterioration accompanied by a decrease in offspring size, associated with an increase in annual average temperatures. Critical changes to the bivalve’s ecology seen today evidence the problem of a shift in baseline since the onset of warming recorded in Antarctica. These small bivalves are demonstrating ecophysiological responses to subtle warming that, provided warming continues, could soon surpass a physiological tipping point, adding to warming associated threats such as increased predatory pressure and ocean acidification