Social media, networking, and marketing performance : a study of social enterprises in Hong Kong

Over the past few years, the number of social enterprises has been increasing in Hong Kong. The marketing performance of these social enterprises, however, are found to be problematic. Although some studies have investigated the ways for improving marketing performance of social enterprises through launching various marketing activities, this is surprising that the roles of social media and networking are lacking attention in the literature. In this conceptual paper, we aim at investigating how the implementation of these cost-effective marketing activities, namely (i) social media and (ii) networking, may improve the marketing performance of social enterprises in Hong Kong

Mycena spp.

ID number: 23.32.03.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1061/thumbnail.jp

Hydnum spp.

ID number: 17.20.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1039/thumbnail.jp

Glutinoglossum spp.

ID number: 14.17.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1036/thumbnail.jp

Amanita fulva

ID number: 02.01.03.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1006/thumbnail.jp

Lychoperdon pyriforme

ID number: 01.29.02.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1001/thumbnail.jp

Radulomyces copelandii

Saprobic; growing on decaying hardwood logs or standing dead trees, especially oak and maple. Growing year-round but usually preferring cooler temperatures, this fungus can be found in many areas of the world, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Korea and Russia. Fruiting bodies grow resupinate in the cracks of the wood they inhabit. No distinguishable cap, stem, or gills. Individual teeth are short, thin, and string-like appearing as light-tan to brown and usually occur in dense clusters. Individual teeth are approximately 1-2 cm long, but densely packed clusters can grow to 30 cm or more. COMMENTS: Distribution of this fungus is not well understood as it was only reported in the United States in 2009 (Roehl 2019) . Which region this fungus occurs in has not been well studied and future research is needed to properly understand its distribution. This species was once considered in the genera Radulodon but is now placed in Radulomyces (Nakasone 2001). - common name Asian beauty. ID number: 27.37.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1077/thumbnail.jp

Lactarius spp.

ID number: 28.26.02.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1079/thumbnail.jp

Boletinellus merulioides

Contested ecology, growing gregariously. Fruiting summer through fall. Widely distributed in Eastern North America. Cap 5-20 cm wide, irregular cap, wavy margins, ochre to reddish-brown, tacky when wet and leathery when dry. Pores yellow, irregularly shaped with cross-veins, staining slowly blue then reddening over time. Stem 2-4 cm, off-center, same color as cap. Boletinellus merulioides is known for forming plentiful sclerotia in the Eastern region of North America (Cotter and Miller 1985). When germinated, the sclerotia collected in the forest formed mycelial colonies that had the same characteristics as colonies formed from sporocarps (Cotter and Miller 1985). This fungus was historically presumed to be ectomycorrhizal, however its primary host tree, Fraxinus americana, forms vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal connections, which was assumed to preclude ectomycorrhizal relationships (Nuhn 2016). Research from 1987 suggested a mutualistic relationship with the aphid Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Brundrett and Kendrick 1987); recent isotopic field analysis confirmed ECM relationships between B. merulioides and F. americana, but could not rule out honeydew from P. fraxinifolii as a potential carbon source (Nuhn 2016). ID number: 05.60.01.2022https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1021/thumbnail.jp

Sebacina schweinitzii

ID number: 30.42.01.2021https://orb.binghamton.edu/macrofungi_eastbrookvalley/1089/thumbnail.jp