Predictors of poor blood pressure control assessed by 24 hour monitoring in patients with type B acute aortic dissection

The chronic management of post-acute aortic dissection (AD) of the descending aorta (Type B) is based on optimal control of blood pressure (BP), with a target BP < 135/80 mmHg. The aim of our study was to determine and verify effective blood pressure control with an objective measurement method and to identify predicting factors

Intérêt pronostique de la stimulation ventriculaire programmée dans la stratification du risque rythmique dans ses indications actuelles

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Climate Change Adaptation and Flooding scenarios in the Baltic Sea : A comparative study of models of stakeholder involvement and public participation in Sweden and Demark

One common idea within participation theory is the need for new approaches in decision making that emphasize a two-way interaction between decision makers and the public as well as deliberation among participants. Citizens should be given the opportunity to weigh evidence, discuss and debate potential decision options and possibly arrive at mutual agreements by which all parties can abide. The demand for sound scientific information and public participation is particularly great especially in adapting to some of the impacts of climate change such as floods due to sea level rise. The uncertainties and the socially sensitive nature of such risk, makes it important for all relevant stakeholders to be involved. This study draws on two research projects carried out in Sweden and Denmark with the intention of engaging stakeholders in finding suitable ways of adapting to climate change. The two cases that have been selected for this study include the SEAREG (Sea Level Change Affecting the Spatial Development in the Baltic Sea Region) and the BALTCICA (Climate Change: Impacts, Costs and Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region). Using a comparative case study method, this thesis looks into the design of participatory processes and the conceptions that underlie them, as well as the consequences on the active participation of other stakeholders with a particular focus on the public. Some of the main differences on the extent of public participation between these projects are sorted out and compared using theoretical perspectives from participation theory. Both cases cut across the local and national scales of decision making and use flooding scenarios in communicating with the public. However, the design of these scenarios as well as the participatory models differ

Wholly Artificial Arrangements Under ATAD and EU Case Law.

Since the coming into force of the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD), there has been a lot of questions as to the meaning of the concept of wholly artificial arrangements and how member states can enact legislation to combat abuse of rights and other fraudulent practices within the European Union. However, the concept of wholly artificial arrangements as enacted in articles 6 &amp; 7 of the ATAD is not new. It’s a concept that has been well developed within the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and hence, the judgments and opinions of the Court of Justice of the European Union are very important in understanding articles 6 &amp; 7 of ATAD. As demonstrated in this thesis, despite the fact that member states are free to enact measures aimed at combatting abusive practices when it comes to tax matters, however they must do so in a such a way as not to go against EU law or EU basic freedoms. Hence EU law remains supreme. Furthermore, the fact that a taxpayer decides to take advantage of favourable tax rates abroad does not presume an intention to fraud and all cases of abuse of rights must be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. As shall be shown in this thesis, the only instance where the Court of Justice of the European Union will accept restrictive measures in order to combat tax avoidance and tax evasion, is only when it involves the use of wholly artificial arrangements in order to circumvent both EU law and national law. And this must be based on both an objective and a subjective test as shall be seen in the thesis.

Solid waste management: world perspectives and the Cameroon case study

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão AmbientalNowadays, many nations in the world transform their contemporary waste management practice into a more efficient and sustainable one. This is to render them capable of handling increased refuse generation and the numerous ambiguities of the current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. This has been aggravated by economic activities, urbanization and life quality provided to the city inhabitants. This has influenced the masses to shift from rural to the urban environments. More so, low, middle and high-income countries spend roughly 40% of the annual budget on waste related environmental problems. In spite of the changes in strategy, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to increase, and its diverse characteristics make it a lot more problematic. This study strives to understand the key drivers of waste handling and present the challenges, threats, and opportunities in transforming the traditional waste streams into optimized practices with acceptable waste administration. In the quest of understanding the challenges, a literature research pattern of facts compilation served as the main model for the study. This work investigates the policies and options that are employed in 29 nations all over the world. It also proposes a direct or indirect framework for a lower middle-income nation-Cameroon. The study concludes that: firstly, strategies based on, social, economic, political tools, and new technologies, can assist cities/countries in their revolution geared towards a sustainable MSWM system. Furthermore, waste handling difficulties are not only technologically orchestrated, but they are due to political misappropriation. Lastly, the couple force existing between waste volume and income will remain directly proportionate if stakeholders are not educated to hold up with MSW streams in the world. Atualmente, muitos países no mundo têm como objetivo transformar as suas atuais práticas de gestão de resíduos em práticas mais eficientes e sustentáveis. Induzida por numerosas lacunas existentes nos atuais sistemas de gestão de resíduos e agravada pelo aumento da migração das populações das zonas rurais para os ambientes urbanos, a produção de resíduos e os problemas que desta advêm têm aumentado. As atividades económicas atualmente praticadas e o aumento da qualidade de vida das populações são também fatores que contribuíram para o agravamento destes problemas. Em média, e incluindo os países subdesenvolvidos, desenvolvidos e em vias de desenvolvimento, 40% do orçamento despendido na resolução dos problemas ambientais a nível mundial é destinado à resolução destes problemas. Apesar do montante gasto na gestão dos resíduos, a quantidade de resíduos urbanos gerados continua a aumentar e a cada vez maior diversificação dos resíduos gerados dificulta a sua gestão. Este estudo visa compreender os principais fatores intervenientes na gestão dos resíduos, apresentando os principais desafios, ameaças e oportunidades de transformação dos tradicionais fluxos de resíduos, assim como a otimização de práticas aceitáveis de gestão de resíduos. De forma a melhor entender os desafios do processo de gestão dos resíduos, foi efectuada uma compilação de dados obtida através de uma pesquisa literária, pesquisa esta que serviu de base de estudo deste trabalho. Este trabalho procura ainda investigar as orientações políticas e linhas de conduta adotadas em todo 29 paysage o mundo. Este estudo permite-nos concluir que: em primeiro lugar, estratégias baseadas em ferramentas e políticas socioeconómicas e tecnologias mais recentes podem conduzir as cidades/países a implementar uma revolução sustentável, sem stresse, acessível, viável e mais eficaz das suas estratégias de SGRS Urbanos; em segundo lugar, verificou-se que os problemas de gestão de resíduos não são resolvidos apenas com o recurso à tecnologia, são essencialmente resolvidos através de políticas de gestão apropriadas; por último, a força mútua existente entre o volume de resíduos gerados e os encargos resultantes continuará a ser diretamente proporcional se os principais intervenientes nos sistemas de Resíduos Sólidos não forem devidamente educados e se estes não se preocuparem com os fluxos de resíduos gerados a nível global

Cartographie génétique et application à l'étude de l'organisation génomique de la différenciation chez l'épicéa commun (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Cette thèse comporte deux parties. Dans la première, deux cartes parentales ont été construites à partir d'une famille F1 en utilisant des marqueurs AFLP, SSR et ESTP. La présence de 66 marqueurs communs aux deux parents a permis d'identifier les groupes de liaison homologues entre ces deux cartes parentales et de construire une carte consensus. Cette carte consensus comprend 755 marqueurs (661 AFLP, 74 SSR, 18 ESTP, le 5S et le caractère morphologique " formation précoce des cônes ") répartis sur douze groupes de liaison correspondant au nombre de chromosomes à l'état haploïde chez l'épicéa commun. Elle constitue la première carte saturée obtenue chez cette espèce. Cette carte saturée a été alignée avec d'autres cartes publiées chez l'épicéa et d'autres espèces de conifères. Cette comparaison a révélé une bonne conservation de la synténie entre les cartes d'épicéa, mais seulement une homologie partielle, basée sur quelques marqueurs ESTP, de certains groupes de liaison avec des cartes de pins. Dans la seconde partie, un certain nombre de marqueurs AFLP, SSR et ESTP cartographiés sur la carte consensus ont été utilisés pour étudier l'organisation génomique de la différenciation géographique au sein de l'aire naturelle de l'espèce. Les résultats indiquent qu'un petit nombre de marqueurs avec des GST significatifs sont impliqués dans la différenciation intraspécifique. Ces loci différenciés sont dispersés dans le génome. Certains d'entre eux semblent liés. L'histoire glaciaire et postglaciaire de Picea abies en Europe et les forces évolutives qui peuvent affecter l'organisation du génome ont servis de base à la discussion.This thesis is composed two distinct sections. In the first one, two parental linkage maps were constructed based on AFLP, SSR and ESTP markers, using a full-sib family. Linkage groups homology between parental maps, established from 66 common markers, allowed us to integrate both parental maps. The resulting consensus map included 755 markers (661 AFLPs, 74 SSRs, 18 ESTPs, the 5S rDNA and the early cone formation) distributed on 12 linkage groups reflecting the haploid number of chromosomes of Norway spruce. This consensus map which was the first saturated map published in this species was aligned to other published maps of Picea abies and other coniferous species. This comparative mapping showed good conservation of synteny in the different Picea abies maps, but only partial linkage group homology based on a few ESTP markers with Pinus species. In the second section of the thesis, the genomic organisation of geographic differentiation within the natural area of the species was investigated based on AFLP, SSR and ESTP markers previously positioned on the consensus map. Results showed that a small number of markers with significant GST (Nei's genetic differentiation coefficient) values were involved. These differentiated loci were scattered over all linkage groups. Some of them seemed to be linked. Discussion was focused on the glacial and postglacial history of Picea abies in Europe and the evolutionary forces that may affect the genome organisation.NANCY1-SCD Sciences & Techniques (545782101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Wholly Artificial Arrangements Under ATAD and EU Case Law.

Since the coming into force of the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD), there has been a lot of questions as to the meaning of the concept of wholly artificial arrangements and how member states can enact legislation to combat abuse of rights and other fraudulent practices within the European Union. However, the concept of wholly artificial arrangements as enacted in articles 6 &amp; 7 of the ATAD is not new. It’s a concept that has been well developed within the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and hence, the judgments and opinions of the Court of Justice of the European Union are very important in understanding articles 6 &amp; 7 of ATAD. As demonstrated in this thesis, despite the fact that member states are free to enact measures aimed at combatting abusive practices when it comes to tax matters, however they must do so in a such a way as not to go against EU law or EU basic freedoms. Hence EU law remains supreme. Furthermore, the fact that a taxpayer decides to take advantage of favourable tax rates abroad does not presume an intention to fraud and all cases of abuse of rights must be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. As shall be shown in this thesis, the only instance where the Court of Justice of the European Union will accept restrictive measures in order to combat tax avoidance and tax evasion, is only when it involves the use of wholly artificial arrangements in order to circumvent both EU law and national law. And this must be based on both an objective and a subjective test as shall be seen in the thesis.

Climate Change Adaptation and Flooding scenarios in the Baltic Sea : A comparative study of models of stakeholder involvement and public participation in Sweden and Demark

One common idea within participation theory is the need for new approaches in decision making that emphasize a two-way interaction between decision makers and the public as well as deliberation among participants. Citizens should be given the opportunity to weigh evidence, discuss and debate potential decision options and possibly arrive at mutual agreements by which all parties can abide. The demand for sound scientific information and public participation is particularly great especially in adapting to some of the impacts of climate change such as floods due to sea level rise. The uncertainties and the socially sensitive nature of such risk, makes it important for all relevant stakeholders to be involved. This study draws on two research projects carried out in Sweden and Denmark with the intention of engaging stakeholders in finding suitable ways of adapting to climate change. The two cases that have been selected for this study include the SEAREG (Sea Level Change Affecting the Spatial Development in the Baltic Sea Region) and the BALTCICA (Climate Change: Impacts, Costs and Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region). Using a comparative case study method, this thesis looks into the design of participatory processes and the conceptions that underlie them, as well as the consequences on the active participation of other stakeholders with a particular focus on the public. Some of the main differences on the extent of public participation between these projects are sorted out and compared using theoretical perspectives from participation theory. Both cases cut across the local and national scales of decision making and use flooding scenarios in communicating with the public. However, the design of these scenarios as well as the participatory models differ