Geological-geotechnical characteristics of the settlement area between Demirçevre-Sadıkbey (Afyonkarahisar)

Deprem açısından risk taşıyan bölgelerde yeni yerleşim alanlarına ihtiyaç duyulması, mühendislik açısından detaylı çalışmaların yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Depremsellik açısından risk taşıyan bir bölge olan Afyonkarahisar İli Demirçevre-Sadıkbey arasında kalan alanda da yeni yerleşim planlanmaktadır. Bu alanın mühendislik jeolojisi açısından incelenmesi de bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İnceleme alanının temelinde Paleozoyik yaşlı Afyon Metamorfikleri yer almaktadır. Metamorfikleri OrtaÜst Miyosen yaşlı Ömer-Gecek formasyonu uyumsuzlukla örtmektedir. Kuvaterner yaşlı traverten ve alüvyonlar en üstte yer almaktadır. Bölgenin mühendislik jeolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesi için toplam derinliği 500 m olan 30 sondaj yapılmış, sondajların değişik seviyelerinde standart penetrasyon testi (SPT) uygulanmış, sondaj numuneleri üzerinde Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE)’nün ilgili standartlarına uygun olarak laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgenin depremselliği ve risk analizi yapılarak çalışma alanı sıvılaşma açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen veriler yardımı ile çalışma alanı yerleşime uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir.The need for new residential areas in areas at risk for earthquakes requires detailed engineering studies. A new settlement is also planned in the area between Demirçevre and Sadıkbey in Afyonkarahisar, which is a risky region in terms of seismicity. Examination of this area in terms of engineering geology is also the subject of this study. At the base of the study area, Paleozoic aged Afyon Metamorphics are located. The metamorphics are unconformably overlain by the Middle-Upper Miocene aged Ömer-Gecek formation. Quaternary travertine and alluviums are at the top. In order to evaluate the region in terms of engineering geology, 30 drillings with a total depth of 500 m were made, standard penetration test (SPT) was applied at different levels of the drillings, laboratory tests were carried out on the drilling samples in accordance with the relevant standards of the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). The seismicity of the region and the risk analysis were made and the study area was evaluated in terms of liquefaction. As a result, the study area was evaluated in terms of suitability for settlement with the help of the data obtained

The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter

Background: The anatomy of the proximal femur comprises important landmarks for many orthopedic surgical procedures. However, this area exhibits morphological differences depending on race, gender and age. Besides being the insertion area of the hip flexor muscles, the lesser trochanter is also used as an angular reference in many orthopedic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter.Methods: Around 67 dry femur bones (32 left, 35 right) belonging to humans of unknown gender that belong to the Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy were used in this study. The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter (TRMI) with the femoral neck (FN) and greater trochanter (TRMJ) was studied and the results were provided in a table.Results: The measured mean lesser trochanter and greater trochanter tip distance was 67.5±4.9mm (60mm-75mm). The angle between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 35.050±5.060 (290-420) degrees. The distance between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 15±2.8mm (10mm-20mm).Conclusions: In addition to the angular relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck, its relationship in terms of distance with the greater trochanter and femoral neck are the anatomic relationships that are noteworthy for the lesser trochanter, which is used as a landmark during orthopedic surgical procedures

The importance of costoclavicular space on possible compression of the subclavian artery in the thoracic outlet region: a radio-anatomical study

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to identify possible compression points along the transit route of the subclavian artery and to provide a detailed anatomical analysis of areas that are involved in the surgical management of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The results of the current study are based on measurements from cadavers, computed tomography (CT) scans and dry adult first ribs. METHODS: The width and length of the interscalene space and the width of the costoclavicular passage were measured on 18 cervical dissections in 9 cadavers, on 50 dry first ribs and on CT angiography sections from 15 patients whose conditions were not related to TOS. RESULTS: The average width and length of the interscalene space in cadavers were 15.28 ± 1.94mm and 15.98 ± 2.13 mm, respectively. The widths of the costoclavicular passage (12.42 ± 1.43mm) were significantly narrower than the widths and lengths of the interscalene space in cadavers (P < 0.05). The average width and length of the interscalene space (groove for the subclavian artery) in 50 dry ribs were 15.53 ± 2.12mm and 16.12 ± 1.95mm, respectively. In CT images, the widths of the costoclavicular passage were also significantly narrower than those of the interscalene space (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the costoclavicular width was the narrowest space along the passage route of the subclavian artery. When considering the surgical decompression of the subclavian artery for TOS, this narrowest area should always be kept in mind. Since measurements from CT images and cadavers were significantly similar, CT measurements may be used to evaluate the thoracic outlet region in patients with TOS

Atherosclerosis burden and coronary artery lesion complexity in acute coronary syndrome patients

Background: Syntax score (SS) is a prognostic marker in patients with acute coronary sydromes (ACS). Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) are well known surrogate marker of atherosclerosis burden. But association between atherosclerosis burden and coronary artery disease (CAD) complexity in ACS patients has not been investigated yet. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients with first time diagnosis of ACS (n = 172) were enrolled. SS, a marker of CAD complexity, was assessed by dedicated computer software. CIMT was examined by B-mode ultrasound. CAVI was assessed by VaSera VS-1000 cavi instrument. SS for low, intermediate and high tertiles of CIMT value were 10.1 &#177; 8.2 vs 11.4 &#177; &#177; 7.9 and 15.2 &#177; 8.8; p = 0.02). SS for normal, borderline and abnormal CAVI values were 4 &#177; 3.7 vs 11.1 &#177; 7.2 and 14.1 &#177; 9.1, respectively p = 0.009). Also, there was independent association between SS and CIMT (95% coinfidence interval [CI] 2.1&#8211;19, p = 0.014) and CAVI (95% CI 15&#8211;29, p = 0.021]. Neither traditional cardiovascular risk factor nor thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score was independent determinant of SS. Conclusions: We have shown that patients with higher atherosclerosis burden have more complex coronary artery lesions. Also these patients may be identified early by using surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. Its clinical significance requires further research

Analysis of engineering geology between Demirçevre-Sadikbey (Afyonkarahisar)

Deprem açısından risk taşıyan bölgelerde yeni yerleşim alanlarına ihtiyaç duyulması mühendislik açısından detaylı çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Depremsellik açısından risk taşıyan bir bölge olan Afyonkarahisar İli Demirçevre-Sadıkbey arasında kalan alanda da yeni yerleşim planlanmaktadır ve bu alanın mühendislik jeolojisi açısından incelenmesi de bu tez çalışmasının konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İnceleme alanının temelini Paleozoyik yaşlı Afyon Metamorfikleri oluşturur. Metamorfikleri Orta-Üst Miyosen yaşlı Ömer-Gecek uyumsuzlukla örter. Kuvaterner yaşlı traverten ve alüvyonlar en üstte yer alır. Bölgenin mühendislik jeolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesi için toplam derinliği 500m olan 30 sondaj, 10 sismik kırılma (Jfsis), 5 profilde elektrik özdirenç (DES) ve 5 noktada da mikrotremor ölçümleri yapılmış, sondajların değişik seviyelerinde standart penetrasyon testi (SPT) uygulanmış, sondaj numuneleri üzerinde Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE)’nün ilgili standartlarına uygun olarak laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgenin depremselliği ve risk analizi yapılarak çalışma alanı sıvılaşma açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen veriler yardımı ile çalışma alanı yerleşime uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir.The need for new settlement areas in earthquake-risk areas requires detailed studies in terms of engineering. A new settlement is planned in the area between Demirçevre -Sadıkbey Province, Afyonkarahisar Province, which is a region which carries risk in terms of seismicity, and the study of this area in terms of engineering geology constitutes the subject of this thesis. Paleozoic aged Afyon Metamorphics form the basis of the study area. Middle-Upper Miocene aged Ömer-Gecek unconformably covers the metamorphics. Quaternary travertine and alluvial deposits are at the top. In order to evaluate the area in terms of engineering geology, 30 drillings with a total depth of 500m, 10 seismic refraction (Jfsis), 5 electrical resistivity (DES) and 5 points microtremor measurements were performed at various points, standard penetration test (SPT) was applied on drill samples. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the relevant standards of the Standards Institute (TSE). The seismicity and risk analysis of the region were made and the study area was evaluated in terms of liquefaction. As a result, with the help of the obtained data, the study area was evaluated in terms of settlement suitability

Analysis of engineering geology between Demirçevre-Sadikbey (Afyonkarahisar)

Deprem açısından risk taşıyan bölgelerde yeni yerleşim alanlarına ihtiyaç duyulması mühendislik açısından detaylı çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Depremsellik açısından risk taşıyan bir bölge olan Afyonkarahisar İli Demirçevre-Sadıkbey arasında kalan alanda da yeni yerleşim planlanmaktadır ve bu alanın mühendislik jeolojisi açısından incelenmesi de bu tez çalışmasının konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İnceleme alanının temelini Paleozoyik yaşlı Afyon Metamorfikleri oluşturur. Metamorfikleri Orta-Üst Miyosen yaşlı Ömer-Gecek uyumsuzlukla örter. Kuvaterner yaşlı traverten ve alüvyonlar en üstte yer alır. Bölgenin mühendislik jeolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesi için toplam derinliği 500m olan 30 sondaj, 10 sismik kırılma (Jfsis), 5 profilde elektrik özdirenç (DES) ve 5 noktada da mikrotremor ölçümleri yapılmış, sondajların değişik seviyelerinde standart penetrasyon testi (SPT) uygulanmış, sondaj numuneleri üzerinde Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE)’nün ilgili standartlarına uygun olarak laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgenin depremselliği ve risk analizi yapılarak çalışma alanı sıvılaşma açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen veriler yardımı ile çalışma alanı yerleşime uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir.The need for new settlement areas in earthquake-risk areas requires detailed studies in terms of engineering. A new settlement is planned in the area between Demirçevre -Sadıkbey Province, Afyonkarahisar Province, which is a region which carries risk in terms of seismicity, and the study of this area in terms of engineering geology constitutes the subject of this thesis. Paleozoic aged Afyon Metamorphics form the basis of the study area. Middle-Upper Miocene aged Ömer-Gecek unconformably covers the metamorphics. Quaternary travertine and alluvial deposits are at the top. In order to evaluate the area in terms of engineering geology, 30 drillings with a total depth of 500m, 10 seismic refraction (Jfsis), 5 electrical resistivity (DES) and 5 points microtremor measurements were performed at various points, standard penetration test (SPT) was applied on drill samples. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the relevant standards of the Standards Institute (TSE). The seismicity and risk analysis of the region were made and the study area was evaluated in terms of liquefaction. As a result, with the help of the obtained data, the study area was evaluated in terms of settlement suitability

Endotracheal N-acetylcysteine for Atelectasis in Neonatal Pneumonia

Although there is no gold standard therapy in the treatment of atelectasis in newborns, surfactant therapy, inhaled mucolytic agents, recombinant human deoxyribonuclease, positive pressure mechanical ventilation, postural changes and drainage can be used. However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), via endo-bronchoscopy, is rarely used to break the disulfide bonds in the mucus. It is a cheap and readily available treatment to apply. Here, we present a newborn with neonatal pneumonia to whom we instilled NAC thorough an endotracheal tube to resolve right lung total atetectasis. The atetectasis responded to instillation quickly and successfully. We are presenting this case in order to suggest a novel effective treatment modality for already intubated newborns with atelectasis. This case also represents the first successful treatment case in the newborn period

Exergy Analysis of a Ground Source Heat Pump System for Cold Climatic Condition of Sivas, Turkey

In the present study, exergy analysis of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) is performed. For this purpose, a horizontal type GSHP test system is installed at Sivas Cumhuriyet University in Sivas Province. GSHP system consists of three main circuits. These are the ground heat exchanger (GHE), the heat pump (HP) and the heating circuit. The temperatures and pressures are measured at the various points of the system. Besides, the mass flow rate of the working fluid circulating in the GHE, heat pump and heat circuit are measured. In addition, power consumption of the compressor and the pumps are measured. Measured data were recorded every minute. The test data used in the calculations are related to the coldest day, December 18, 2016. Exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergy loss ratio and thermodynamic perfect degree for each element of the system are computed. Exergy efficiency and thermodynamic perfect degree of the system are calculated as 0.27 and 0.86 respectively

Is there a safe area for the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle? A cadaveric study

Comert, Ayhan/0000-0002-9309-838XWOS: 000241769800011PubMed: 17079396Background: Several authors have defined a variety of so-called safe zones for deltoid-splitting incisions. The first aim of the present study was to investigate the distance of the axillary nerve from the acromion and its relation to arm length. The second aim was to identify a safe area for the axillary nerve during surgical dissection of the deltoid muscle. Methods: Twenty-four shoulders of embalmed adult cadavers were included in the study. The distance from the anterior edge of the acromion to the course of the axillary nerve was measured and was recorded as the anterior distance. The same measurement from the posterior edge of the acromion to the course of the axillary nerve was made and was recorded as the posterior distance for each limb. Correlation analysis was performed between the arm length and the anterior distance and the posterior distance for each limb. The ratios between arm length and the anterior and posterior distances were calculated for each case and were recorded as an anterior index and a posterior index. Results: The average arm length was 30.40 cm. The average anterior distance was 6.08 cm, and the average posterior distance was 4.87 cm. There was a significant correlation between arm length and both anterior distance (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and posterior distance (r = 0.61, p = 0.001). The axillary nerve was not found to lie at a constant distance from the acromion at every point along its course. The average anterior index was 0.20, and the average posterior index was 0.16. Conclusions: The present study describes a safe area above the axillary nerve that is quadrangular in shape, with the length of the lateral edges being dependent on the individual's arm length. Using this safe area should provide a safe exposure for the axillary nerve during shoulder operations