İbn Atıyye’nin El-Muharrerü’l-Vecîz adlı tefsirinde ehl-i kitaba bakışı

vii, 94 sayfa29 cm. 1 CDÖZETAllah, tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde insanoğlu arasından ahlaklı ve vicdanlı kimseleri peygamber seçerek Ademoğlu’nu karanlıktan aydınlığa çıkarmak istemiştir. Bu doğrultuda peygamberlere kendi katından bilgiler vermiştir. Peygamberler tarafından vaz edilen bu bilgiler zaman içinde insanlar tarafından bir kısmı değiştirilerek nesilden nesile aktarılmıştır. Bu miras son elçi Hz. Muhammed döneminde bazı gruplar tarafından muhafaza edilmekteydi. Kur’an-ı Kerim, Hz. Peygamber’in yaşadığı dönem öncesi kutsal bilgilere vakıf olan grupların olduğunu bize haber vermektedir. Bu bilgileri öğrenmiş kimselere de Ehl-i kitap olarak bildirmektedir.Biz, bu tezi Endülüslü müfessir İbn Atıyye’nin Ehl-i kitap ayetlerine verdiği yorumları esas alarak hazırladık.SUMMARYAllah wanted to bring humanity from darkness to light by choosing moral and conscientious people as prophets at various periods of history. As a result of this, he gave information to the prophets from himself. This knowledge, which was preached by the prophets, was transferred from generation to generation by people, some of which were changed over time. This legancy was preserved by some groups during the reign of the last mesenger Muhammad. The Qur’an informs us that there were groups who had knowledge of the sacred knowledge before the time of Muhammad. He informs those who have learned this information as Ahl-al kitap

Effects of dormancy-breaking treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks using as rootstock for pistachio trees

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different dormancy-breaking treatments including stratification, sulphuric acid scarification, dehulling (removing the mesocarp and exocarp from the nut) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and seedling development of two different Pistacia khinjuk genotypes (A and B) using as rootstock for pistachio cultivars. Seed dormancy-breaking treatments were shelled (control), shelled + GA3, dehulled, dehulled + GA3, sulphuric acid scarification and sulphuric acid scarification + GA3 applications in the present experiment. The seeds of both genotypes were stratified at 4 ºC for 50 days after the dormancy-breaking treatments. Stratified seeds were sown in the vials filled with peat in the greenhouse to determine the germination percentage. Plantlets were transplanted to plastic containers to determine the vegetative growth. The highest germination rate was obtained from sulphuric acid scarification in both P. khinjuk genotypes. In P. khinjuk-A seedlings, the highest stem growth was obtained from scarification and dehulled applications, whereas the poorest development was observed from dehulled + GA3 application. The best growth in the P. khinjuk-B seedlings was obtained from scarification + GA3 application. The effect of the dehulled application on the root development of P. khinjuk-A seedlings was better than the other applications; however the effect of dormancy-breaking applications on root development of P. khinjuk-B seedlings was found to unsteady. Scarification increased the number of leaves in both genotypes. As a result, dormancy-breaking applications have been found to be effective on seed germination and seedling growth of P. khinjuk. It was determined that GA3 applications negatively affected both seed germination and root, stem and leaf growth of P. khinjuk-A

ARAZİ TOPLULAŞTIRMA PROJELERİNİN ARAZİ PARÇALANMASI DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİSİ BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: MANYAS / YENİKÖY MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ, TÜRKİYE

Dünya nüfusunun sürekli artmasına karşın ekilebilir tarım topraklarının giderek azalması, doğal afetler ve salgın hastalıklar, sınırlı ve kıt bir doğal kaynak olan bu alanların üzerindeki baskıyı daha da arttırmaktadır. Tarım topraklarının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir şekilde kullanılabilmesi amacıyla, ekonomik açıdan tarımsal üretime uygun arazilerin geliştirilmesi ve niteliklerine uygun olarak kullanılması önem taşımaktadır (Lök ve Değirmenci, 2019)

ARAZİ TOPLULAŞTIRMA PROJELERİNİN PARSEL ŞEKİL DEĞİŞİMİNE ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ: MANYAS/SALUR MAHALLESİ ÖRNEĞİ, TÜRKİYE

Tarımsal faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirildiği alanlar, ülkenin kalkınmasında önemli bir sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel rol oynamakla birlikte çevresel ve ekolojik olarak da gereklidir (Dacko vd., 2021). İnsanların temel beslenme ihtiyaçlarının karşılama noktasında ülkelerin kendi kendine yetebilmesi (Kakli, 1979) ve gıda güvencesinin sağlanması (Rivera ve Qamar, 2003), doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak istihdam olanakları tarımsal faaliyetlerle gerçekleştirilmektedir (De Haas, 2007)

Clinical evaluation of an antero-medial approach for plate fixation of the proximal humeral shaft

Objective Surgical approach of fractures of the proximal humeral shaft should protect the muscular insertions and the vascularisation of fragments, improving bone union and functional recovery. The aim of this study is to review cases operated with an original anteromedial approach, in cases of specific fractures of the proximal humeral shaft. Materials and methods Prior to clinical application, a cadaveric study was accomplished. Based on the results, six clinical cases had surgery using an approach medial to the biceps and brachialis. The osteosynthesis was performed with locked plates and 4.5 screws. The approach was indicated in fractures presenting with a large lateral wedge including the deltoid muscle insertion. Stable osteosynthesis achieved with this approach allowed early postoperative mobilization of the arm in all cases. Results The case-series consisted of three women and three men with a mean age of 52.1 years (range 38–68). The minimal follow-up was 1 year. Bone union was observed at an average time of 11.2 weeks. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Discussion Open reduction and internal fixation with compression plating is a standardized and successful procedure in the treatment of humeral fractures. Internal fixation with lateral plating is difficult in the proximal third of the humeral shaft, where the positioning of the implant may hurt the long biceps tendon and the deltoid insertion. This approach was successful and safe in the presented cases. Conclusion The antero-medial approach with metaphyseal locking plate protects the muscular insertions and the vascularisation of the wedge fragment, leading to good results in all the cases in this series

The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter

Background: The anatomy of the proximal femur comprises important landmarks for many orthopedic surgical procedures. However, this area exhibits morphological differences depending on race, gender and age. Besides being the insertion area of the hip flexor muscles, the lesser trochanter is also used as an angular reference in many orthopedic surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck and greater trochanter.Methods: Around 67 dry femur bones (32 left, 35 right) belonging to humans of unknown gender that belong to the Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Anatomy were used in this study. The morphologic relationship of the lesser trochanter (TRMI) with the femoral neck (FN) and greater trochanter (TRMJ) was studied and the results were provided in a table.Results: The measured mean lesser trochanter and greater trochanter tip distance was 67.5±4.9mm (60mm-75mm). The angle between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 35.050±5.060 (290-420) degrees. The distance between the tip of the lesser trochanter and the center of the femoral neck was measured as 15±2.8mm (10mm-20mm).Conclusions: In addition to the angular relationship of the lesser trochanter with the femoral neck, its relationship in terms of distance with the greater trochanter and femoral neck are the anatomic relationships that are noteworthy for the lesser trochanter, which is used as a landmark during orthopedic surgical procedures

Are Heimlich maneuver videos on YouTube accurate and reliable?

Introductıon. First aid for airway obstruction is a life-saving maneuver that can be implemented by anyone. In this study, we determined the accuracy of Heimlich maneuver videos posted on the Internet. Materials and methods. Heimlich maneuver videos uploaded on to YouTube were evaluated. We recorded by whom the video was uploaded, upload time, the number of viewers, and to whom it was intended. Scores from 0 to 7 were used to evaluate video suitability. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for Windows software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. Results. A total of 640 videos were evaluated; 466 (72.8%) videos were excluded because their content was primarily for entertainment purposes. In total, 174 videos met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to analysis. Of the 174 videos analyzed, 54(31%) were uploaded anonymously, the mean number of viewers was 26,814 ± 4,860, and the median video duration was 4.19 min (range, 0.06–114 min). The mean video score was 2.7 ± 1.6. Using this value as a cut-off, a significant relationship between reliability and uploading institution was detected (p ≤ 0.05), but not between the number of views and reliability (p = 0.428). Conclusion. Our results suggest that Heimlich maneuver videos uploaded to YouTube were not particularly educational because only 13% of the videos received an above-average score

Geological-geotechnical characteristics of the settlement area between Demirçevre-Sadıkbey (Afyonkarahisar)

Deprem açısından risk taşıyan bölgelerde yeni yerleşim alanlarına ihtiyaç duyulması, mühendislik açısından detaylı çalışmaların yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Depremsellik açısından risk taşıyan bir bölge olan Afyonkarahisar İli Demirçevre-Sadıkbey arasında kalan alanda da yeni yerleşim planlanmaktadır. Bu alanın mühendislik jeolojisi açısından incelenmesi de bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. İnceleme alanının temelinde Paleozoyik yaşlı Afyon Metamorfikleri yer almaktadır. Metamorfikleri OrtaÜst Miyosen yaşlı Ömer-Gecek formasyonu uyumsuzlukla örtmektedir. Kuvaterner yaşlı traverten ve alüvyonlar en üstte yer almaktadır. Bölgenin mühendislik jeolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesi için toplam derinliği 500 m olan 30 sondaj yapılmış, sondajların değişik seviyelerinde standart penetrasyon testi (SPT) uygulanmış, sondaj numuneleri üzerinde Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE)’nün ilgili standartlarına uygun olarak laboratuvar deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bölgenin depremselliği ve risk analizi yapılarak çalışma alanı sıvılaşma açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen veriler yardımı ile çalışma alanı yerleşime uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmiştir.The need for new residential areas in areas at risk for earthquakes requires detailed engineering studies. A new settlement is also planned in the area between Demirçevre and Sadıkbey in Afyonkarahisar, which is a risky region in terms of seismicity. Examination of this area in terms of engineering geology is also the subject of this study. At the base of the study area, Paleozoic aged Afyon Metamorphics are located. The metamorphics are unconformably overlain by the Middle-Upper Miocene aged Ömer-Gecek formation. Quaternary travertine and alluviums are at the top. In order to evaluate the region in terms of engineering geology, 30 drillings with a total depth of 500 m were made, standard penetration test (SPT) was applied at different levels of the drillings, laboratory tests were carried out on the drilling samples in accordance with the relevant standards of the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). The seismicity of the region and the risk analysis were made and the study area was evaluated in terms of liquefaction. As a result, the study area was evaluated in terms of suitability for settlement with the help of the data obtained

BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ASSOCIATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL HEALTHY WOMEN

Amaç: Postmenopozal sağlıklı kadınlarda femoral ve lomber kemik mineralyoğunluğunun tiroid stimülan hormon düzeyi ile ilişkisini araştırmak.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 152 postmenopozal sağlıklı kadın dahil edilmiştir.Kemik mineral yoğunluğu, DEXA ile anterior-posterior lomber (L1-L4) spine'ler ve femurüzerinden yapıldı ve TSH düzeyi kemilüminesans yöntemi kullanılarak ölçüldü.İstatistiksel analizde Pearson korelasyonu, t - testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA),multiple regresyon analizi kullanıldı p < 0,05 anlamlı kabul edildi.Bulgular: Tiroid stimülan hormon düzeyi ile kemik mineral yoğunluğu arasında anlamlıbir ilişki saptanmadı (toplam lomber spinal (L1-4) T skoru için p = 0,11 ve toplam femurT skoru için p = -0,03). Toplam femur T skoru ile yaş, menopoz yılı, vücut kitle indeksiarasındaki ilişki anlamlı bulundu (p<0,05) Toplam lomber spinal (L1-4) T skoru ile vücutkitle indeksi, menopoz yılı ve hormon replasman tedavisi kullanım süresi arasındakiilişki anlamlı bulundu (p < 0,05). Doğal menopozda, cerrahi menopoza göre toplamfemur T skoru ölçümleri anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (p=0,04). Toplam femur vetoplam lomber spinal (L1-4) T skoru ölçümlerinin her ikisi ile VKI arasında anlamlı birilişki saptandı (p < 0,01) (femur için r2 = 0,15, lomber vertebra spine için r2 =0,12).Sonuç: Postmenopozal sağlıklı kadınlarda kemik mineral yoğunluğu ile iroid stimülanhormon değerleri arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmadı. Tiroid stimülan hormondeğerinin kemik mineral yoğunluğunu göstermek için iyi bir marker olmadığı düşünüldü.Vücut kitle indeksi ile hem spinal hem de femur T skorları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiolması ile birlikte vücut kitle indeksinin kemik mineral yoğunluğu için iyi bir göstergeolabileceği görüldü. Benzer çalışmalar menopozal ve premenopozal dönemlerde de yapılarakkemik mineral yoğunluğunun tiroid stimülan hormon düzeyi ve vücut kitle indeksiile ilişkisi daha geniş profilde değerlendirilebilir ve tekrarlayan ölçümlerle bu değişimdaha iyi gösterilebilir.Objective: To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) andserum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone levels in postmenopausal healthy women.Postmenopozal sağlıklı kadınlarda kemik mineral yoğunluğu-tiroid stimülan 2 hormon ilişkisiMaterial and method: 152 postmenopausal healthy women were included in ourstudy. We measured BMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femur using dual energy Xrayabsorptiometry and serum TSH concentration using chemiluminisence. Pearson'sCorrelation, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression analysis wereused in statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was no significant relation between TSH levels and BMD scores (forlumbar spine p = 0,11 and femur p = -0,03). A significant relation was determinedbetween the total femur T score and age, years since menopause, body mass index(VKI) (p<0.05 ). Also there was a significant relation between total lumbar spine T scoreand VKI, years since menopause, duration for hormone replacement therapy (p<0.05).Total femur T score was lower in natural menopause group than surgical menopausegroup (p=0.04). There was a significant correlation between VKI and both T scores (p <0.01) (for femur r2 = 0.15, for lumber spine r2 =0.12)Conclusion: We did not determine a significant relation between BMD and TSH. TSHvalue seems not a good predictive marker for detecting bone mineral density. Therewas a close relation between VKI and BMD, so we conclude that VKI is a usefulindicator for detecting BMD. Similar studies can be performed in premenopausal andmenopausal women to show the association between TSH, VKI and BMD

The importance of costoclavicular space on possible compression of the subclavian artery in the thoracic outlet region: a radio-anatomical study

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to identify possible compression points along the transit route of the subclavian artery and to provide a detailed anatomical analysis of areas that are involved in the surgical management of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The results of the current study are based on measurements from cadavers, computed tomography (CT) scans and dry adult first ribs. METHODS: The width and length of the interscalene space and the width of the costoclavicular passage were measured on 18 cervical dissections in 9 cadavers, on 50 dry first ribs and on CT angiography sections from 15 patients whose conditions were not related to TOS. RESULTS: The average width and length of the interscalene space in cadavers were 15.28 ± 1.94mm and 15.98 ± 2.13 mm, respectively. The widths of the costoclavicular passage (12.42 ± 1.43mm) were significantly narrower than the widths and lengths of the interscalene space in cadavers (P < 0.05). The average width and length of the interscalene space (groove for the subclavian artery) in 50 dry ribs were 15.53 ± 2.12mm and 16.12 ± 1.95mm, respectively. In CT images, the widths of the costoclavicular passage were also significantly narrower than those of the interscalene space (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the costoclavicular width was the narrowest space along the passage route of the subclavian artery. When considering the surgical decompression of the subclavian artery for TOS, this narrowest area should always be kept in mind. Since measurements from CT images and cadavers were significantly similar, CT measurements may be used to evaluate the thoracic outlet region in patients with TOS