SENSOR DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF WHEAT GRAIN DAMAGE BY SMUT MUSHROOMS

The article describes the developed method for determining the degree of damage to wheat grain by smut fungi, which allows to determine its non-toxic level, increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of the results, to ensure the simplicity of processing the results, to prevent further damage to wheat grain and to ensure its safety without compromising quality. As smut reduces the yield, worsens the quality of grain and grain products, and improving the sanitary condition of grain raw materials is an urgent problem. It was established that the developed method allows to significantly reduce the cost of analysis by 300-320 rubles, reduce the time for analysis by 20-25 minutes, reduce the measurement error from 15% to 10%

NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PLANT EXTRACT FROM LIMONIUM GMELINII

logic conditions. When excess ROS are present within the cell, this oxidative stress may have profound deleterious effects on the cell, including the direct oxidation of biomolecules (e.g., lipid, protein, and DNA), indirect alteration in cellular structures and functions, and the induction of cell death. The brain is one of the organs especially vulnerable to the effects of ROS because of its high oxygen demand and abundance of peroxidation-susceptible lipid cells. However, there are numerous data indicating that plant polyphenols are able to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory processes associated with brain damage. As it was shown in previous studies, the extract of polyphenols isolated from the roots of Limonium gmelinii (a plant widespread on the territory of Kazakhstan) has a number of therapeutic properties. Here we investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols extract from L.gmelinii in astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) in vitro. Methods: Human primary astrocytes and mouse bEnd3 line of CECs were pre-treated with polyphenol extract of L.gmelinii followed by incubation in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or H2O2. The level of ROS generation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, P-selectin expression, and activity of extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2(ERK1/2) were evaluated by quantitative immunofluorescence analysis, confocal microscopy and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) assay. Results: It was shown that the extract of the L.gmelinii at a dosage of 30 μg/ml does not have a cytotoxic effect. Moreover, it neutralizes the toxic effect of TNF-α by blocking the formation of ROS in astrocytes, interfering with the activation of NADPH oxidase in astrocytes, mobilization of P-selectin on the surface of bEnd3 cells, and inhibiting the activity of protein kinase ERK1/2. Conclusion: It can be concluded that polyphenols extract from L.gmelinii has an antioxidant properties, neutralizes TNF-α-induced inflammatory processes in the brain cells and could be utilized for further in vivo examination