Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and other aldehyde emissions from HCCI/SI gasoline engine equipped with prototype catalyst

In this study a qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbonyl compound emissions from exhaust gas of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI) engines, trapped on dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) solution, were investigated. The hydrazine formed were analysed by means of HPLC and detected with ultraviolet (UV) detector. 15 standards of carbonyl – DNPH derivatives were identified and compared with engine emissions before and after catalyst. Emissions compounds such as formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and acrolein (H2=CHCHO) are of interest to the scientific and regulatory communities due to their suspected or likely impacts on human health. The frequent exhaust products of the two engine operation modes were, acetaldehyde followed by acrolein, mtolualdehyde,benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) and formaldehyde; other aldehydes in the exhaust gas wereobserved to be very small. The percentage contribution of carbonyl compounds to the total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in this study lies between 2.6–4.5% for HCCI stoichiometric and 5.5–8.4% for HCCI lean operation. These results indicate that engine-operating conditions appear to exert a strong influence on the total mass emissions of carbonyls measured before catalyst. The prototype catalytic converter eliminates most of the carbonyls species in the exhaust in both combustion modes except for acetaldehyde species, a negative conversion presented for all engine conditions. A prototype catalyst showed high efficient conversion on aromatic and unsaturated aldehyde for both engine mod

Determination of Carbonyls Compound, Ketones and Aldehydes Emissions from CI Diesel Engines Fueled with Pure Diesel/Diesel Methanol Blends

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of chemical species out of CI engine tailpipe emissions fueled with pure diesel and diesel methanol blends, trapped in dinitro phenylhydrazine (DNPH) solutions, were performed. The formed hydrazine was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) accompanied by a detector for ultraviolet (UV). A set of carbonyl-DNPH derivative standards was developed and compared with engine tailpipe gases produced by both fuel modes. An understanding of carbonyl chemical compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein (HCHO, CH3CHO, and H2 = CHCHO, respectively) is essential for researchers to know how these chemicals affect human health and the environment. In both fuel modes, acetaldehyde was the main combustible product 25 ppm followed by formaldehyde 17 ppm, croton aldehydes 16 ppm, acrolein 12 ppm, and iso-valerdyhyde 10 ppm. In addition to these species, only a few other chemical species were detected in the exhaust gas. According to this study, carbonyl compounds from blended fuel contribute 15–22% of pure diesel fuel emissions. As shown by the results, engine operating conditions and fuel mode have a strong impact on the total amount of carbonyls released by the engine. Engine performance was highly influenced by different fuel modes and engine speeds. Using pure diesel, the regulated emissions, HC, CO, and NOx, registered high concentrations at a lower speed (1500 rpm) and NOx presented with the highest concentration of 4 g/kWh followed by CO with 1 g/kWh and HC with 0.5 g/kWh

Determination of Carbonyls Compound, Ketones and Aldehydes Emissions from CI Diesel Engines Fueled with Pure Diesel/Diesel Methanol Blends

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of chemical species out of CI engine tailpipe emissions fueled with pure diesel and diesel methanol blends, trapped in dinitro phenylhydrazine (DNPH) solutions, were performed. The formed hydrazine was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) accompanied by a detector for ultraviolet (UV). A set of carbonyl-DNPH derivative standards was developed and compared with engine tailpipe gases produced by both fuel modes. An understanding of carbonyl chemical compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein (HCHO, CH3CHO, and H2 = CHCHO, respectively) is essential for researchers to know how these chemicals affect human health and the environment. In both fuel modes, acetaldehyde was the main combustible product 25 ppm followed by formaldehyde 17 ppm, croton aldehydes 16 ppm, acrolein 12 ppm, and iso-valerdyhyde 10 ppm. In addition to these species, only a few other chemical species were detected in the exhaust gas. According to this study, carbonyl compounds from blended fuel contribute 15–22% of pure diesel fuel emissions. As shown by the results, engine operating conditions and fuel mode have a strong impact on the total amount of carbonyls released by the engine. Engine performance was highly influenced by different fuel modes and engine speeds. Using pure diesel, the regulated emissions, HC, CO, and NOx, registered high concentrations at a lower speed (1500 rpm) and NOx presented with the highest concentration of 4 g/kWh followed by CO with 1 g/kWh and HC with 0.5 g/kWh