Global Journalist: Middle East matrix and the role U.S. plays

In this June 19, 2003 episode of Global Journalist, host Byron Scott and four journalists from Iraq, Egypt, Turkey and Palestine discuss about the Middle East matrix from these countries' perspectives, the role the U.S. is playing and potential solutions that can improve international relations. Host: Byron Scott. Guests: Patrick Cockburn, Amir Ahmed, Semih Idiz, Khaled Abu Aker. Producers: Yusef Kalyango, Sarah Cayton. Directors: Pat Akers

Dental Anxiety and Fear among Medical Field Students at Al Quds University

Aims: This study aimed to assess the levels of dental anxiety among dental, medical, and pharmacy students at AL Quds University and to find out the sources of dental fear among them. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: AL Quds University, between June, 2012-July, 2013. Methodology: Dental anxiety scale (DAS) and Dental Fear Survey (DFS) were completed by four hundred and five students (113 males and 292 females). The population included undergraduate dental (n= 198), medical (n= 114) and pharmacy students (n= 93). Ages ranged from 18 to 27 (the mean age of the subjects was 22.5±2.1 years). Results: Dental students were significantly less anxious (using the dental anxiety scale) compared to the other groups (medical and pharmacy students)(P< 0.05). Dental students were significantly more relaxed in the dental treatment as assessed by DFS than other groups (medical and pharmacy students (P< 0.05)). Fear of seeing the anesthetic needle (39.2%) and feeling the needle injection (46.2%) were the most common sources of dental fear reactions among the study population. The Pearson correlations (rp) between the measurements DAS and DFS mean scores were evaluated and the correlation is significant (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Dental students have a significantly lower level of dental anxiety than medical and pharmacy students. Females showed higher fear scores than males. Seeing the anesthetic needles and feeling the anesthetic solutions injection were the major stimuli of dental fear

Knowledge Economy and Financial Sector Competition in African Countries

The goal of this paper is to assess how knowledge economy (KE) plays out in financial sector competition. It suggests a practicable way to disentangle the effects of different components of KE on various financial sectors. The variables identified under the World Bank’s four knowledge economy index (KEI) are employed. An endogeneity robust panel instrumental variable fixed-effects estimation strategy is employed on data from 53 African countries for the period 1996-2010. The following findings are established. First, education and innovation in terms of scientific and technical publications broadly bear an inverse nexus with financial development. Second, the incidence of information and communication technologies is positive on all financial sectors but increases the non-formal sectors to the detriment of the formal sector. Third, economic incentives have positive implications for all sectors though the formal financial sector benefits most. Fourth, institutional regime is positive (negative) for the semi-formal (informal) financial sector. The findings contribute at the same time to the macroeconomic literature on measuring financial development and respond to the growing fields of informal sector importance, microfinance and mobile banking by means of KE promotion. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed

Vitamin D-dependent Rickets Type II

The work aimed to present one case with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II, treated at Nasser Hospital – in the Gaza Strip. The patient was 3 years old with a body weight of 8.5 kg and a height of 90 CM. Skin color was cyanotic, but skin moisture was dry. Body temperature was 39 C from axillary; Turgor was warm and rough. The texture of vascularity was ecchymosis. The patient was on NGT and ETT and had alopecia in their hair. His Nails color was pale but was clubbing in shape. Deformity in the head and face; his eyes are symmetrical, but he is blind with corneal opacities bilateral, about ears are symmetrical auricles and gross hearing acuity. Mouth mucous membrane was moist but had ulcers and infection; teeth were missing, and tongues cyanotic and cracked. He has dysphagia, dyspepsia and hoarseness of voice. Full range of motion of the neck. Carotid pulsation rate 160 b/min symmetrical and bounding, cervical lymph nodes are enlarged and tender. Respiratory rate 40 b/min, barrel chest and abnormal breathing pattern. The patient complained of productive cough, on percussion, lung sound was dullness, but in auscultation, bilateral wheezy; apical heart rate was 140 b/min regular and strong. His blood pressure was 130/83 mm Hg. Capillary refill was 3 seconds. Normal heart sounds. The abdomen was soft and relaxed but distended. A genitalia was normal, About range of motion was limited and flaccid motor response.M. Aker  3 years old of cons. marriage 1st cousin, the second order of birth; the chief complaint was  Rickets Type 2, which is badly responding to vit D. The Personal history of this disease was discovered when he was two months old with a history of sibling died at the age of 4 years (his sister), at birth. The patient was normal without any symptoms, and at the age of two months, he started the symptoms; 1st one was hair loss with fragile bone. With investigation, there is Vit D deficiency, so calcium supplement and Vit D were given; at the age of one year, the condition worsened, and bones were more fragile with bowing of legs, so doctors advised increasing the dose of Vit D and calcium with calciless treatment, but the immune system suppressed, and he got a lot of chest infections, so hospital admission many times with intravenous antibiotics, sometimes he was intubated on Mechanical ventilation in pediatric (I c u ), on 2 years, he was Oxygen-dependent then later he developed Respiratory Failure, at 3 year pt. was complaining severe chest infection and was intubated on Mechanical ventilation; unfortunately the child died at the age of 3 years