Estrutura, composição florística e relações ambientais da regeneração natural em uma floresta estacional semidecidual

This paper aims to evaluate the floristic and structure of natural regeneration in a forest fragment located in the south of Espírito Santo State, as well as to verify the interaction between vegetation and environmental variables. The study was developed in Private Reserve of Nature Patrimony (RPPN) Cafundó, with twelve sample units (1 x 20m), where three classes based on size - Class 1 (plants between 0.1 and 1m high), Class 2 (plants between 1.1 and 3m high) and Class 3 (plants higher than 3m and less than 5cm DBH). This RPPN has a total area of 517ha, which approximately 358ha were used for allocation of experimental units. Individuals were classified according to ecological group and dispersion syndrome. Floristic diversity, equability, density and frequency of species were also calculated. Analysis of natural regeneration, floristic similarity between natural regeneration and the upper layer as well the regenerating layer interaction with environmental variables was performed through Canonical Correspondence Analysis. We found 678 individuals distributed in 73 morphospecies/species, with Actinostemon klotzschii and Goniorrhachis marginata being the most abundant. Sorensen's similarity between natural regeneration and the adult tree layer was 29%. The most dominant ecological groups were late secondary, while zoochory was the predominant dispersion syndrome among existing species. Shannon diversity index was 3.13 and equability 0.72. Goniorrhachis marginata, Actinostemon klotzschii and Psychotria carthagenensis species had correlation with carbon (C), phosphorus (P), declivity and canopy cover. We concluded that the natural regeneration component within studied area has a high richness and density of individuals when compared to studies developed in similar phytophysiognomies. The studied environmental variables seem to have little influence on the distribution of natural regeneration species in the RPPN, once only carbon, phosphorus, declivity and canopy cover have explained the species distribution within fragment.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a florística e estrutura da regeneração natural do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo em um fragmento florestal no sul do estado do Espírito Santo, bem como verificar a interação da vegetação com algumas variáveis ambientais selecionadas. Foi desenvolvido na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Cafundó, em doze subparcelas de 1 x 20 m, onde foram delimitadas três classes de tamanho - classe 1 (plantas entre 0,1 e 1 m de altura), classe 2 (1,1 e 3 m de altura) e classe 3 (altura maior que 3 m e menor que 5 cm DAP). A RPPN possui uma área de 517 ha, onde 358 ha foram utilizados para alocação das unidades experimentais. Os indivíduos foram classificados quanto ao grupo ecológico e síndrome de dispersão. Foi calculado o índice de diversidade, equabilidade, densidade e frequência das espécies e a similaridade de Sorensen entre o estrato regenerante e adulto. A interação do estrato regenerante com variáveis ambientais foi realizada através da Análise de Correspondência Canônica. Foram amostrados 678 indivíduos, distribuídos em 73 espécies/morfoespécies, sendo Actinostemon klotzschii e Goniorrhachis marginata as mais abundantes. A similaridade entre regeneração e estrato arbóreo foi 29%. O grupo ecológico e a dispersão predominante, respectivamente, foram secundária tardia e zoocoria. A diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi 3,13 e equabilidade de 0,72. As espécies Goniorrhachis marginata, Actinostemon klotzschii e Psychotria carthagenensis tiveram correlação com carbono (C), fósforo (P), declividade e cobertura de dossel. Concluiu-se que a regeneração natural na área estudada possui elevada riqueza e densidade de indivíduos quando comparado a estudos desenvolvidos na mesma fitofisionomia. As variáveis ambientais estudadas parecem ter pouca influência na distribuição das espécies da regeneração natural, uma vez que apenas o carbono, o fósforo, a declividade e a cobertura do dossel explicaram parte da distribuição das espécies no fragmento

Características, propriedades e potencialidades da moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): Aspectos agroecológicos

Moringa oleifera Lamarck é uma hortaliça perene e arbórea, de origem indiana, pertencente à família Moringaceae. Popularmente conhecida como lírio-branco ou simplesmente como moringa, esta espécie de ampla adaptação climática e edáfica, é fonte de vários princípios ativos e substâncias de valor alimentício e farmacológico, entre outros. Esta revisão resgata suas principais características, propriedades e potencialidades de uso sob o aspecto da agroecologia

Lógica Fuzzy na determinação de fragmentos florestais potenciais para coleta de sementes

The tropical forest is extremely exploited and fragmented, making it essential to collect native seeds to meet the growing demand for its restoration and maintenance of biodiversity. Thus, the objective is to select potential forest fragments with a higher degree of conservation for seed harvesting, through the use and association of landscape ecology with fuzzy logic. The study was carried out in the watershed of the Itapemirim river. The stages of selection and photointerpretation of the images were carried out; error determination; application of landscape ecology metric indices; application of fuzzy logic in a computational application and validation of the methodology in loco. 7,515 forest fragments were determined, corresponding to 19.21% of the study area, with 89.53% of hits. Fragments smaller than 5 ha are the most fragile and are at risk of extinction, while those larger than 300 ha have a lower risk of extinction, even with the increase in the edge. With the application of fuzzy logic, the mean was between 0.15, standard deviation of 0.24 and the coefficient of variation at 161.73%. Scenario 1 (FLONA of Pacotuba), has 10.25% of families, 25.92% of genera and 33.62% of species more than Scenario 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus of Alegre), among the identified individuals. The association of landscape ecology techniques and fuzzy logic made it possible to identify fragments with a higher degree of conservation, with potential for harvesting forest seeds.A floresta tropical é extremamente explorada e fragmentada, sendo imprescindível a coleta de sementes nativas, a fim de atender a crescente demanda para sua restauração e manutenção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, objetiva-se selecionar fragmentos florestais potenciais com maior grau de conservação para a colheita de sementes, via utilização e associação da ecologia da paisagem à lógica Fuzzy. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim. Foram realizadas as etapas de seleção e fotointerpretação das imagens; determinação do erro; aplicação dos índices métricos de ecologia da paisagem; aplicação da lógica Fuzzy em aplicativo computacional e validação da metodologia in loco. Foram determinados 7.515 fragmentos florestais, correspondendo a 19,21% da área de estudo, com 89,53% de acertos. Os fragmentos menores que 5 ha são os mais frágeis e possuem risco de extinção, enquanto os maiores que 300 ha possuem menor risco de extinção, mesmo com o aumento da borda. Com a aplicação da lógica Fuzzy, a média ficou entre 0,15, desvio padrão de 0,24 e o coeficiente de variação em 161,73 %. O Cenário 1 (FLONA de Pacotuba) possui 10,25% de famílias, 25,92 % de gêneros e 33,62% de espécies a mais que o Cenário 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus de Alegre), entre os indivíduos identificados. A associação das técnicas de ecologia da paisagem e lógica Fuzzy possibilitou identificar os fragmentos em maior grau de conservação, com potencial para colheita de sementes florestais

The pace of life for forest trees.

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of life history traits varies predictably across forest biomes, giving rise to a positive relationship between trait diversity and productivity. Our pan-latitudinal assessment provides new insights into the demographic mechanisms that govern the carbon turnover rate across forest biomes

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Analysis floristic and phitosociology of forest fragment of Atlantic Forest in the south of Espírito Santo State

The objective of this work was to raise and discuss information about arboreal communities of two forest fragments, considering the lack of studies of vegetation of the south of the Espírito Santo state. The fragments are located in the municipal of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, being the Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Pacotuba and the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Cafundó. In FLONA de Pacotuba, the composition floristic consisted of 258 species and in RPPN Cafundó of 258 species, being 111 species common to the two fragments. The richest families in species in FLONA of Pacotuba are: Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae and Meliaceae; while in RPPN Cafundó are: Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae and Euphorbiaceae. In the analysis of the similarity of FLONA de Pacotuba and of RPPN Cafundó, it was demonstrated that in spite of the geographical proximity, the different disturbance reports and regeneration, they resulted in different floristics compositions between these fragments. Being considered the diversity, the index of Shannon-Weaver (H) found in RPPN Cafundó (4,13), reach a more expressive value than the FLONA of Pacotuba (3,31). The value found for equability (J) is 0,60 in FLONA of Pacotuba and 0,74 in RPPN Cafundó. In the horizontal structure of FLONA of Pacotuba, the species Senefeldera verticillata, Actinostemon estrellensis and Anadenanthera peregrina dominate the community in relation to IVI(%); in RPPN Cafundó, the species that more stood out in IVI(%) are: Astronium concinnum, Pseudopiptadenia contorta and Neoraputia alba.The RPPN Cafundó presents larger number of individuals for hectare in the first diameter classes. The diametric structures of the fragments follow the general pattern of the uneven-aged forests, in reversed-J-shape. The vertical structure varies of 2 until 50 meters in FLONA de Pacotuba and of 2,1 until 54 meters in RPPN CafundóEste trabalho teve como objetivo levantar e discutir informações sobre as comunidades arbóreas de dois fragmentos florestais, considerando a carência de estudos de vegetação do sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. Os fragmentos estão localizados no município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, sendo a Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Pacotuba e a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Cafundó. Na FLONA de Pacotuba a composição florística constou de 258 espécies e na RPPN Cafundó de 258 espécies, sendo que 111 espécies são comuns aos dois fragmentos. As famílias mais ricas em espécies na FLONA de Pacotuba são: Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae e Meliaceae; enquanto que na RPPN Cafundó são: Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae e Euphorbiaceae. Na análise da similaridade da FLONA de Pacotuba e da RPPN Cafundó, foi demonstrado que apesar da proximidade geográfica, os diferentes históricos de perturbação e regeneração, resultaram em diferentes composições florísticas entre estes fragmentos. Considerando-se a diversidade, o índice de Shannon-Weaver (H ) encontrado na RPPN Cafundó (4,13), alcançou um valor mais expressivo que o da FLONA de Pacotuba (3,31). O valor encontrado para equabilidade (J) é de 0,60 na FLONA de Pacotuba e 0,74 na RPPN Cafundó. Na estrutura horizontal da FLONA de Pacotuba, as espécies Senefeldera verticillata, Actinostemon estrellensis e Anadenanthera peregrina dominam a comunidade em relação ao IVI(%); na RPPN Cafundó, as espécies que mais se destacaram em IVI(%) são: Astronium concinnum, Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Neoraputia alba. A RPPN Cafundó apresenta maior número de indivíduos por hectare nas primeiras classes de diâmetro. As estruturas diamétricas dos fragmentos seguem o padrão geral das florestas ineqüiâneas, em J invertido. A estrutura vertical varia de 2 a 50 metros na FLONA de Pacotuba e de 2,1 a 54 metros na RPPN Cafund

ESTRUTURA DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DA RESERVA PARTICULAR DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL CAFUNDÓ, CACHOEIRO DE ITAPEMIRIM, ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a estrutura horizontal do componente arbóreo da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Cafundó, localizada em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. Para tanto, foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20x50 m (área total: 2,5 hectares) e amostrados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥5 cm, sendo registrados 4557 indivíduos, distribuídos em 255 espécies, 152 gêneros e 54 famílias. O índice de diversidade (H’) foi de 4,13. Os valores de área basal (33,02 m2.ha-1) e densidade (1823 ind.ha-1) foram próximos aos de outras florestas estacionais semideciduais da região Sudeste. As espécies com maior valor de importância (VI) foram Astronium concinnum, Pseudopiptadenia contorta e Neoraputia alba. O remanescente florestal é composto predominantemente por espécies secundárias tardias, caracterizando-se como um fragmento bem preservado, que detém alta diversidade de espécies e com uma flora arbórea peculiar, ressaltando a importância desta área para conservação na região sul do Espírito Santo.This study aims to evaluate the forest horizontal structure of Cafundó Natural Heritage Private Reserve, located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. In order to that, twenty five plots were established (total area: 2,5 hectares) and all trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were surveyed. A total of 4557 individuals were sampled, distributed in 255 species, 152 genera and 54 families. The diversity index (H’) was 4,13. The values of basal area (33,02 m2 .ha-1) and density (1823 ind.ha-1) are closed to the range of other Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Southeast. The species with the highest importance value (IV) were: Astronium concinnum, Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Neoraputia alba. This forest fragment is composed predominantly by late secondary species and can be characterized as well preserved, with considerable species diversity and peculiar aboreal flora, standing out the ecological importance of this area for conservation in the south region of the Espírito Santo