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    Demonstration of a parity-time symmetry breaking phase transition using superconducting and trapped-ion qutrits

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    Scalable quantum computers hold the promise to solve hard computational problems, such as prime factorization, combinatorial optimization, simulation of many-body physics, and quantum chemistry. While being key to understanding many real-world phenomena, simulation of non-conservative quantum dynamics presents a challenge for unitary quantum computation. In this work, we focus on simulating non-unitary parity-time symmetric systems, which exhibit a distinctive symmetry-breaking phase transition as well as other unique features that have no counterpart in closed systems. We show that a qutrit, a three-level quantum system, is capable of realizing this non-equilibrium phase transition. By using two physical platforms - an array of trapped ions and a superconducting transmon - and by controlling their three energy levels in a digital manner, we experimentally simulate the parity-time symmetry-breaking phase transition. Our results indicate the potential advantage of multi-level (qudit) processors in simulating physical effects, where additional accessible levels can play the role of a controlled environment.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

    ΠžΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ примСнСния Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅

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    Relevance. The high incidence, prevalence and mortality in tuberculosis determines the relevance of improving clinical and organizational processes in terms of algorithmization. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical and organizational management algorithm for tuberculosis medical care at the regional level. Materials and Methods. The object of the study (2007-2021) were the tuberculosis medical care system of the Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation. The scientific and methodological bases were Department of Health Organization, Drug Supply, Medical Technologies and Hygiene of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia topic SRW β„– 214791-3-000. The development of the algorithm was carried out on the basis of a scientifically proven universal clinical management system. The epidemiological tuberculosis author data and of Rosstat in the Sverdlovsk region for 2007-2020 were used - general and structural morbidity, prevalence, mortality, as well as the number of 3, 4 and 6 groups of dispensary registration of patients. The efficiency of the algorithm was evaluated by the dynamics of the complex of epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis. Research methods were applied: content analysis, analytical, statistical, comparative, expert. Significance was assessed using the t-White test. Differences in the compared parameters were considered significant at p0.05. Results and Discussion. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm for managing regional tuberculosis medical care, including the components of needs analysis, systematization, automation and telecommunications, interdisciplinary integration, resource provision and performance evaluation, was confirmed by a significant decrease in the Sverdlovsk region for the period 2007-2020 general incidence by 2.05 times (from 119.9 to 51.7 per 100 thousand of the population), the incidence of children 0-14 years old by 1.48 times (from 18.7 to 12.6 per 100 thousand children of the corresponding age), prevalence in the population by 1.8 times (from 258.6 to 143 per 100 thousand of the population) and mortality from tuberculosis by 2.675 times (from 21.4 to 8.02 per 100 thousand of the population) (p0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) did not worsen the epidemiological situation for tuberculosis in the region. In 2020, an active form of tuberculosis was detected in 2201 people, which is 16 % less than in 2019 (p0.05). The prevalence of epidemiologically dangerous bacillary forms of the disease for the period 2019-2020 decreased by 15.4 %, from 73.2 to 61.9 per 100 thousand population (p0.05). Conclusion. Clinical and organizational management of tuberculosis medical care based on the algorithmization of scientifically evidence processes increases the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures and the social and epidemiological well-being of the population.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Высокая Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ опрСдСляСт Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов управлСния ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ЦСль исслСдования - Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования (2007-2021 Π³Π³.) явилась систСма ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ БвСрдловской области, Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-мСтодичСскоС сопровоТдСниС ΠΎΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΊΠ°Ρ„Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ здравоохранСния, лСкарствСнного обСспСчСния, мСдицинских Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Российского унивСрситСта Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ±Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² соотвСтствии с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ НИР β„– 214791-3-000. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° осущСствляли Π½Π° основании Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы клиничСского управлСния. Использована авторская информация ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Ρƒ Росстата ΠΏΠΎ БвСрдловской области 2007-2020 Π³Π³. - структура заболСваСмости, распространСнности, ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 3, 4 ΠΈ 6 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ диспансСрного ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ эффСктивности Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ комплСкса эпидСмиологичСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования: ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, аналитичСский, статистичСский, ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ, экспСртный. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ достовСрности примСнялся ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ t-Π£Π°ΠΉΡ‚Π°. Различия сравниваСмых ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ считали достовСрными ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€ < 0,05. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° управлСния Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° потрСбности, систСматизации, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, мСТдисциплинарной ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, рСсурсного обСспСчСния ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ эффСктивности, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° достовСрным сниТСниСм Π² БвСрдловской области Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2007-2020 Π³Π³. ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ заболСваСмости Π² 2,05 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° (с 119,9 Π΄ΠΎ 51,7 Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния), заболСваСмости Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ 0-14 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π² 1,48 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° (с 18,7 Π΄ΠΎ 12,6 Π½Π° 100 тыс. Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ возраста), распространСнности Π² популяции Π² 1,8 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° (с 258,6 Π΄ΠΎ 143 Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния) ΠΈ смСртности ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° Π² 2,675 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° (с 21,4 Π΄ΠΎ 8,02 Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния) (p < 0,001). ПандСмия COVID-19 (2020-2021 Π³Π³.) Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Ρƒ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. Π’ 2020 Π³. активная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π° выявлСна Ρƒ 2201 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° 16 % мСньшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² 2019 Π³. (Ρ€ < 0,05). Π Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ эпидСмиологичСски опасных бациллярных Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ заболСвания Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2019-2020 Π³Π³. снизилась Π½Π° 15,4 %, с 73,2 Π΄ΠΎ 61,9 Π½Π° 100 тысяч насСлСния (Ρ€ < 0,05). Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Клинико-ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π° основС Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-профилактичСских мСроприятий ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСскоС Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ насСлСния
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