12,282 research outputs found
Cosmic Rays from Cosmic Strings with Condensates
We re-visit the production of cosmic rays by cusps on cosmic strings. If a
scalar field (``Higgs'') has a linear interaction with the string world-sheet,
such as would occur if there is a bosonic condensate on the string, cusps on
string loops emit narrow beams of very high energy Higgses which then decay to
give a flux of ultra high energy cosmic rays. The ultra-high energy flux and
the gamma to proton ratio agree with observations if the string scale is GeV. The diffuse gamma ray and proton fluxes are well below current
bounds. Strings that are {\it lighter} and have linear interactions with
scalars produce an excess of direct and diffuse cosmic rays and are ruled out
by observations, while heavier strings ( GeV) are constrained by
their gravitational signatures. This leaves a narrow window of parameter space
for the existence of cosmic strings with bosonic condensates.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures; revised reference
Evaluation of the factors affecting visual prognosis in patients with traumatic cataract
Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment throughout the world, although little is known about the factors that affect the visual outcome in traumatic cataract in developing countries. The objective of the study was to find out the associated ocular injuries and the factors affecting final visual outcome of patients with traumatic cataract.Methods: This prospective-hospital based study was conducted on 50 patients of traumatic cataract in the department of ophthalmology government medical college, Ernakulam, from January 2009 to December 2011. Patients were managed with lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Regular follow up of patients was done and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and post-operative complications were assessed at the end of six months.Results: Our study showed that majority (64%) of patients were in the age group of 20 years) (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in final visual outcome of traumatic cataracts caused by penetrating or blunt trauma (p=0.73). Corneal tear was most common associated ocular damage followed by uveitis, lens matter in anterior chamber.Conclusions: Age of the patient affects final visual outcome after surgical treatment of traumatic cataract but type of trauma (blunt/penetrating) had no significant effect on final visual outcome. Corneal tear was most common associated ocular damage
Are HI Supershells the Remnants of Gamma-Ray Bursts?
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are thought to originate at cosmological distances
from the most powerful explosions in the Universe. If GRBs are not beamed then
the distribution of their number as a function of Gamma-ray flux implies that
they occur once per (0.3-40) million years per bright galaxy and that they
deposit >10^{53} ergs into their surrounding interstellar medium. The blast
wave generated by a GRB explosion would be washed out by interstellar
turbulence only after tens of millions of years when it finally slows down to a
velocity of 10 km/s. This rather long lifetime implies that there could be up
to several tens of active GRB remnants in each galaxy at any given time. For
many years, radio observations have revealed the enigmatic presence of
expanding neutral-hydrogen (HI) supershells of kpc radius in the Milky Way and
in other nearby galaxies. The properties of some supershells cannot be easily
explained in terms of conventional sources such as stellar winds or supernova
explosions. However, the inferred energy and frequency of the explosions
required to produce most of the observed supershells agree with the above GRB
parameters. More careful observations and analysis might reveal which fraction
of these supershells are GRB remnants. We show that if this link is
established, the data on HI supershells can be used to constrain the energy
output, the rate per galaxy, the beaming factor, and the environment of GRB
sources in the Universe.Comment: 8 pages, final version, ApJ Letters, in pres
Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy: three case reports
The occurrence of intestinal obstruction is uncommon in pregnancy and so it is rarely considered as a cause for acute abdominal pain. It is also a life threatening condition to the mother if proper medical intervention is delayed. In this review we present three cases of intestinal obstruction during pregnancy and puerperium. The incidence in our tertiary care center over a period of last 5 years is 1 in 3196 deliveries. These cases were diagnosed preoperatively with x-ray and sonogram. Laparotomy with definitive surgical treatment was performed. The first patient had large bowel obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus, the second patient had a stricture in ileum leading to small bowel obstruction, and the third patient had ileocecal intussusception. There were no maternal deaths but one patient had fetal loss
Switchable lasing in coupled multimode microcavities
We propose the new concept of a switchable multimode microlaser. As a
generic, realistic model of a multimode microresonator a system of two coupled
defects in a two-dimensional photonic crystal is considered. We demonstrate
theoretically that lasing of the cavity into one selected resonator mode can be
caused by injecting an appropriate optical pulse at the onset of laser action
(injection seeding). Temporal mode-to-mode switching by re-seeding the cavity
after a short cool-down period is demonstrated by direct numerical solution. A
qualitative analytical explanation of the mode switching in terms of the laser
bistability is presented.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. Published,
somewhat shortened versio
Complete integrability versus symmetry
The purpose of this article is to show that on an open and dense set,
complete integrability implies the existence of symmetry
Coexistence of excited states in confined Ising systems
Using the density-matrix renormalization-group method we study the
two-dimensional Ising model in strip geometry. This renormalization scheme
enables us to consider the system up to the size 300 x infinity and study the
influence of the bulk magnetic field on the system at full range of
temperature. We have found out the crossover in the behavior of the correlation
length on the line of coexistence of the excited states. A detailed study of
scaling of this line is performed. Our numerical results support and specify
previous conclusions by Abraham, Parry, and Upton based on the related bubble
model.Comment: 4 Pages RevTeX and 4 PostScript figures included; the paper has been
rewritten without including new result
Stability of Naked Singularity arising in gravitational collapse of Type I matter fields
Considering gravitational collapse of Type I matter fields, we prove that,
given an arbitrary - mass function and a -
function (through the corresponding - metric function
), there exist infinitely many choices of energy distribution
function such that the `true' initial data () leads
the collapse to the formation of naked singularity. We further prove that the
occurrence of such a naked singularity is stable with respect to small changes
in the initial data. We remark that though the initial data leading to both
black hole and naked singularity form a "big" subset of the true initial data
set, their occurrence is not generic. The terms `stability' and `genericity'
are appropriately defined following the theory of dynamical systems. The
particular case of radial pressure has been illustrated in details
to get clear picture of how naked singularity is formed and how, it is stable
with respect to initial data.Comment: 16 pages, no figure, Latex, submitted to Praman
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