Neuro-Fuzzy prediction of alumina-supported cobalt vanadate catalyst behavior in the Fischer-Tropsch process

Alumina-supported cobalt vanadate multitransition-metal catalyst was prepared by impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray fluorescence and Transmission electron microscopy. The cobalt/vanadium catalyst was employed for Fischer-Tropsch process in an autoclave reactor. The evaluation of this catalyst occurred at different temperature (423-623 K), over a pressure range of 10-50 bars with the Syngas H2/CO ratio varying from 2 to 6. The catalyst gave a high and selective conversion of syngas into methane. The degree of syngas conversion increased with increasing temperature and pressure. The adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model has been applied for the training of the fuzzy system and the test set was applied to evaluate the performance of the system including moving average error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results exposed that the predicted values from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data

Feeding di-ammonium phosphate as a phosphorous source in finishing lambs reduced excretion of phosphorus in feces without detrimental effects on animal performance

Objective Phosphorous (P) sources with greater bioavailability might increase animal production efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. The objective of current study was to determine animal performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and fecal P concentration in finishing lambs fed a diet with either di-calcium phosphate (DCP) or di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) as a P source. Methods Twelve 4-month-old male lambs (initial body weight 24.87±3.4 kg) were randomly allocated to a diet with either DCP or DAP (~261 g/kg of total diet P) fed ad libitum for 93 days. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and had same calcium (Ca) and P concentrations. Results The DAP contained 19.7 g/kg of dry matter (DM) Ca, 185.4 g/kg DM P and 14,623 ppm fluorine, while DCP contained 230.3 g/kg DM Ca, 195.2 g/kg DM P and 1,039 ppm fluorine. The diet with DAP contained 60 ppm fluorine while the diet with DCP contained 13 ppm fluorine. Lambs fed the diet with DAP tended to have a greater daily DM intake compared to those fed diet with DCP (p = 0.09). Lambs fed DAP had greater plasma P concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity (p≤0.01) compared with lambs fed DCP. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were similar between two treatments at days 60 and 90, while they were greater in lambs fed DCP (p<0.05) at day 30 of the trial. Feeding DAP increased P digestibility (58.7% vs 50.2%; p<0.05) and decreased fecal P concentration in lambs compared with feeding DCP (3.1 vs 3.8 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Conclusion Providing ~261 g/kg of total diet P as DAP in the diet of finishing lambs improved the bioavailability of P in the body and decreased excretion of P in feces without affecting lamb performance