Étude des performances du procédé d'ultrafiltration lors de la concentration d'hydrolysats trypsiques de β-lactoglobuline prétraitée par hautes pressions hydrostatiques

L’hydrolyse enzymatique de la β-lactoglobuline (β-LG) génère un nombre conséquentdepeptides dont certains possèdent desactivités biologiques. Cependant, l’étape d’hydrolyse peut être améliorée en diminuant le temps de réaction tout en générant unrendementpeptidique plus important. Ainsi, plusieurs travauxse sont intéressés à l’utilisation des hautes pressions hydrostatiques (HPH)afin d’engendrer une dénaturation de la β-LG et ainsi accélérer l’étape d’hydrolyse enzymatique et la production de peptides bioactifs. Cependant, les HPHimpactent également surles profils peptidiques par une modification du ratio peptideshydrophiles/hydrophobes. Une telle modification est ainsi susceptible d’avoir une répercussion négative sur les performances de l’ultrafiltration (UF) lors du fractionnement et de la concentration des peptides bioactifs. Par conséquent, ce projetvisaità étudier l’impact d’un prétraitement de la β-LG parlesHPH (400 et 600 MPa, 10 min) sur les performances du procédé d’UFlors de la séparation d’un hydrolysat trypsiquede β-LG. Suite aux étapes d’UF en mode recirculation et concentration, il a été démontré qu’un prétraitement de la β-LG à 400 MPaa permisde générer des hydrolysats dont les abondances peptidiques, y compris celles de certains peptides bioactifs (VAGTWY et ALPMHIR) étaient supérieures comparativement aux autres conditions(0.1 et 600 MPa).Cependant, à 400 MPa, les flux de perméationétaient inférieursde 31%. La désorption peptidique des membranes d’UFa permis d’identifierle peptide antihypertenseur ALPMHIRcomme l’espèce colmatante majeure. Cependant, et spécifiquement à 400 MPa, d’autres peptides chargés négativement ont été caractérisés, notamment VAGTWY (peptide antidiabèteet antioxydant). Par conséquent, bien qu’un prétraitement par les HPH à 400 MPa permette une augmentation des rendements peptidiques, les performances de l’UF sont considérablement réduites.Enzymatic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) generates a large amount of peptide species including some bioactive peptides.However, the stepof protein hydrolysis can be improved by decreasing the digestion time while increasing the peptide yield. Several studies focused on the use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to improve the denaturationof the native β-LG structure and thus to accelerate its enzymatic hydrolysis and yieldof bioactive peptides.Nevertheless, HHP is reported to affect the resulting peptide profiles by modifying hydrophobic/hydrophilic peptides ratiowhich may negatively affect the performance of ultrafiltration (UF) used to fractionate and concentrate bioactive peptides.Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the performances of UF forthe filtration of tryptic hydrolysates generated after pre-pressurization ofβ-LGat 400 and 600 MPafor10min.After hydrolysate fractionation by UF in total recirculation modeand concentration modes, it has been demonstrated that β-LGpre-pressurization at 400 MPainduced the recovery ofhigher peptide relative abundance in the hydrolysates, including several bioactive peptides (VAGTWY and ALPMHIR), compared to other conditions(0.1 and 600 MPa).At the same time, permeate fluxes were 31% lower at 400 MPa. Characterization of peptide desorbedfrom UF membranes has shown that the antihypertensive peptide (ALPMHIR) was identified as the main fouling peptide.However, other negatively charged peptides were specifically identified at 400 MPa, including VAGTWY (an antioxidant and antidiabetic peptide). Consequently, while pre-pressurization of β-LGat400 MPa improved the recoveryof bioactive peptidescompared to other conditions, UF performances were negatively impacteddue to thisHHP pretreatment

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Intensity on Structural Modifications in Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Proteins

Processing edible insects into protein extracts may improve consumer acceptability. However, a better understanding of the effects of food processing on the proteins is needed to facilitate their incorporation into food matrices. In this study, soluble proteins from Tenebrio molitor (10% w/v) were pressurized using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 70–600 MPa for 5 min and compared to a non-pressurized control (0.1 MPa). Protein structural modifications were evaluated using turbidity measurement, particle-size distribution, intrinsic fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity, gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The observed decrease in fluorescence intensity, shift in the maximum emission wavelength, and increase in surface hydrophobicity reflected the unfolding of mealworm proteins. The formation of large protein aggregates consisting mainly of hexamerin 2 and ⍺-amylase were confirmed by protein profiles on gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and TEM analysis. The typical aggregate shape and network observed by TEM after pressurization indicated the potential involvement of myosin and actin in aggregate formation, and these were detected by mass spectrometry. For the first time, the identification of mealworm proteins involved in protein aggregation phenomena under HHP was documented. This work is the first step in understanding the mealworm protein–protein interactions necessary for the development of innovative insect-based ingredients in food formulations

High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis Affect Mealworm Allergenic Proteins

Edible insects have garnered increased interest as alternative protein sources due to the world’s growing population. However, the allergenicity of specific insect proteins is a major concern for both industry and consumers. This preliminary study investigated the capacity of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) coupled to enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase® or pepsin in order to improve the in vitro digestion of mealworm proteins, specifically allergenic proteins. Pressurization was applied as pretreatment before in vitro digestion or, simultaneously, during hydrolysis. The degree of hydrolysis was compared between the different treatments and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic method was used to determine the efficiency of allergenic protein hydrolysis. Only the Alcalase® hydrolysis under pressure improved the degree of hydrolysis of mealworm proteins. Moreover, the in vitro digestion of the main allergenic proteins was increased by pressurization conditions that were specifically coupled to pepsin hydrolysis. Consequently, HHP-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis represents an alternative strategy to conventional hydrolysis for generating a large amount of peptide originating from allergenic mealworm proteins, and for lowering their immunoreactivity, for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications