地球に豊富に存在する金属ポルフィリン誘導体を用いた二電子変換による人工光合成

東京都立大

Affinity purification of label-free tubulins from xenopus egg extracts

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Reusch, S., Biswas, A., Hirst, W. G., & Reber, S. Affinity purification of label-free tubulins from xenopus egg extracts. STAR Protocols, 1(3), (2020): 100151, doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100151.Cytoplasmic extracts from unfertilized Xenopus eggs have made important contributions to our understanding of microtubule dynamics, spindle assembly, and scaling. Until recently, these in vitro studies relied on the use of heterologous tubulin. This protocol allows for the purification of physiologically relevant Xenopus tubulins in milligram yield, which are a complex mixture of isoforms with various post-translational modifications. The protocol is applicable to any cell or tissue of interest. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hirst et al. (2020).This article was prompted by our stay at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, in the summer of 2016 funded by the Princeton-Humboldt Strategic Partnership Grant together with the lab of Sabine Petry (Princeton University). We are grateful to the National Xenopus Resource (NXR) for supplying frogs. For mass spectrometry, we would like to acknowledge the assistance of Benno Kuropka and Chris Weise from the Core Facility BioSupraMol supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We thank the Protein Expression Purification and Characterization (PEPC) facility at the MPI-CBG; in particular, we thank Aliona Bogdanova and Barbara Borgonovo. We thank all former and current members of the Reber lab for discussions and helpful advice, in particular Christoph Hentschel and Soma Zsoter for technical assistance. S.R. acknowledges funding from the IRI Life Sciences (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Excellence Initiative/DFG). W.H. was supported by the Alliance Berlin Canberra co-funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2290 and the Australian National University

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & MANAGEMENT CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF BONE-LIKE HYDROXYAPATITE FROM CUTTLE FISH BONES AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

ABSTRACT Hydroxyapatite (Hap) was synthesized from cuttle fish bone by using a wet chemical method at room temperature. In this method powdered cuttle fish bones were reacted with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The synthesized Hap was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fine and Crystallized Chap was obtained. The particular cuttlefish bones are biocompatible and used in implants for osseointegration

Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise: the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol

Introduction: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years. Methods and analysis: Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (≥4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire. Ethics and dissemination: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy. Trial registration number: Main sponsor: Imperial College London, Reference: 19QC5491. Funders: NIHR HTA, Reference: 127 976. Study coordination centre: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS with Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University. IRAS Project ID: 266 400. REC reference: 20/LO/0031. ISRCTN registry: 76 016 200

The effects of stingless bee honey in tris extender on semen quality of Boer Goat

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of stingless bee honey in Tris extender on semen quality of Boer goat. The research were conducted at Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture (FSA), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Collection of Boer goat semen were done at the Goat Rearing Facility while semen evaluation were done at the Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory. Three (3) male Boer goat were randomly selected for this research and semen collection were done once a week using an Artificial Vagina (AV). Semen were collected 3 times and the experiment adopted the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The fresh Boer goat semen were assessed in term of volume, colour, mass motility, and concentration. For this research, the collected Boer goat semen have a mean volume of 1.83±0.17 ml, concentration of 2.21±0.13x109 sperm/ml, a creamy white appearance, and a mean mass motility of 5.00. Fresh semen with a minimum of 80% individual progressive motility were selected and proceed to further experimental treatment. Four ( 4) treatments is conducted on the semen, in which the first treatment (Tl) serve as the control containing only Tris Buffer Solution {TBS) as the semen extender, while the second {T2), third {TI), and fourth {T4) treatment group contains TBS + 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% volume per volume (v/v) of stingless bee honey respectively. Semen sample from each treatment were then assessed in term of sperm individual progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm abnormality through microscopic observation and eosin-nigrosin staining procedure. From this research, TBS + 0.5% stingless bee honey produced the best result together with the control treatment in term of sperm motility and viability. For sperm abnormality parameters, sperm from Tl, T2, TI, and T4 showed no significant difference from each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that addition of 0.5% stingless bee honey in Tris extender are comparable to the control treatment, and can preserve sperm motility and viability up to 24 hours

Cadmium minimization in rice. A review

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice is found in areas irrigated by wastewater from mines. Cd contamination of rice fields can also result from the application of Cd-rich phosphate fertilizers. As a consequence, millions of tons of rice are discarded. In Asia, irrigated paddy-based cropping systems provide rice grains as food for about 2 billion people. A daily intake of 20–40 μg Cd from rice is reported in regions where rice is used as a food. Daily rice Cd intake leads to diseases such as bone mineralization. Hence, Cd minimization in rice is needed. This article reviews sustainable agriculture and molecular techniques that prevents Cd uptake in rice. Cadmium minimization can be done either by field remediation or change in plant functions. Organic farming decreases Cd uptake and remediates crop fields. Cd hyperaccumulator plants and Cd immobilizing microbes can be used for field remediation. Cd amount in rice can be controlled by gene families that code for putative transition metal transporters or metal chaperones and quantitative trait loci (QTL). Generation of Cd excluder rice is possible by transgenics

Photosynthetic light reactions in Oryza sativa L. under Cd stress: Influence of iron, calcium, and zinc supplements

Some mineral nutrients may help to alleviate cadmium stress in plants. Therefore, influence of Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements on photosynthesis light reactions under Cd stress studied in two Indian rice cultivars namely, MO-16 and MTU-7029 respectively. Exogenous application of both Fe and Ca ions helped to uphold quantum efficiency and linear electron transport during Cd stress. Also, recovery of biomass noticed during Cd treatment with Fe and Ca supplements. It was found that accumulation of carotenoids as well as non photochemical quenching enhances with Fe, Ca, and Zn supplements. Chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with Cd accumulation as a strategy to increase light harvest. Lipid peroxidation level was ascertained the highest during Cd plus Zn treatments. Above results point that both Fe and Ca ions supplements help to alleviate Cd stress on photosynthesis light reactions of rice plants

Trace Element Management in Rice

Trace elements (TEs) are vital for the operation of metabolic pathways that promote growth and structural integrity. Paddy soils are often prone to TE limitation due to intensive cultivation and irrigation practices. Apart from this, rice paddies are potentially contaminated with transition metals such as Cd, which are often referred to as toxic TEs. Deficiency of TEs in the soil not only delays plant growth but also causes exposure of plant roots to toxic TEs. Fine-tuning of nutrient cycling in the rice field is a practical solution to cope with TEs deficiency. Adjustment of soil physicochemical properties, biological process such as microbial activities, and fertilization helps to control TEs mobilization in soil. Modifications in root architecture, metal transporters activity, and physiological processes are also promising approaches to enhance TEs accumulation in grains. Through genetic manipulation, these modifications help to increase TE mining capacity of rice plants as well as transport and trafficking of TEs into the grains. The present review summarizes that regulation of TE mobilization in soil, and the genetic improvement of TE acquisition traits help to boost essential TE content in rice grain

Ultraviolet B induced bioactive changes of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipids in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek)

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) altered plant metabolism. Hence Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) exposed to UV-B radiation for studying the bioactive changes that may be useful in captive farming. UV-B treatment altered plant growth, and extent of alterations depended on the duration of radiation treatment. Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased after radiation exposure. But bioactive components such as anthocyanin, flavonoids, and phenolics increased after UV-B treatment. Phenylalanine lyase enzyme activity and peroxidase activity also increased with 4.0 hr UV-B exposure even though 8.0 hr exposure decreased the activity of these enzymes. Total lipid content of the plants increased after UV-B exposure. Changes in aromatic oil composition observed due to UV-B exposure, and the changes pointed shifting of plant metabolism towards the synthesis of short chain fatty acid contain lipids and non-enzymatic antioxidants