Introduction of a Triple Prime Symmetric Key Block Cipher

This paper proposes to put forward an innovative algorithm for symmetric key block cipher named as "Triple Prime Symmetric Key Block Cipher with Variable Key-Spaces (TPSKBCVK)" that employs triple prime integers as private key-spaces of varying lengths to encrypt data files. Principles of modular arithmetic have been elegantly used in the proposed idea of the cipher. Depending on observations of the results of implementation of the proposed cipher on a set of real data files of several types, all results are registered and analyzed. The strength of the underlying design of the cipher and the liberty of using a long key-space expectedly makes it reasonably non-susceptible against possible cryptanalytic intrusions. As a future scope of the work, it is intended to formulate and employ an improved scheme that will use a carrier media (image or multimedia data file) for a secure transmission of the private keys

Transition metal catalysed Grignard-like allylic activation across tetragonal tin(II) oxide

The reaction of allyl halide and a carbonyl compound under the aegis of tetragonal tin(II) oxide and catalytic d8, d10 metal complexes provides the corresponding homoallylic alcohol, via a novel allyl tin intermediate

Factors contributing to the Success of Aquaculture Field Schools

ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) had piloted four Aquaculture Field Schools (AFS), a model of farmer to farmer extension, in Odisha and Chhattisgarh states in India. The AFS’ are attracting farmers and stakeholders as they provide a platform to share experience and enable cross learning. In this research, an attempt has been made to identify the factors that contribute to the successful performance of AFS. Data were collected from 166 user farmers, selected randomly from the list available with operators. Five variables viz., age of fish farmer, frequency of visit to AFS, duration of visit, interaction with the fellow farmers and advocation of advanced technologies of ICAR-CIFA to other farmers were observed to be significantly contributing to yield of fish. The Multiple correlation coefficient, R=0.48, indicated that there is a significant and positive correlation between the observed and predicted value of fish yield

Exploring the Factors that Determine Flow of Agricultural Credit to Indian States

The issue of agriculture and agricultural credit has always gained importance in the context of India. The present research looks at various important aspects of agricultural credit which include growth trends and determination of factors that influence flow of credit to the different states. The findings are based on analysis of twenty-nine states for the period 2007-08 to 2017-18. The empirical research shows wide disparity across regions with the maximum flow to the southern region and the minimum to the north-east of the country. The study traces the growth in agricultural loans and finds that nature of the curve is in the quadratic form where the rate of decline is much less compared to the rapid rise in the growth of loans in all the regions. With regard to the panel regression model, cropping intensity, lending rate and inflation rate have a significant effect on flow of credit to states (at 1% level). However, though the share of agriculture in the state GDP matches the expected sign, the coefficient is not significant even at 10%. The study is a unique one which is an improvement over the earlier studies. However, non-availability of data for all states and exclusion of non-financial considerations at the state level are limitations of the study