Chirp asymmetry as an analogue of Leptogenesis

The effective conjugation symmetry that arises in the rotating wave frame is the analogue of the discrete symmetry in field theory. Breaking this effective conjugation symmetry leads to asymmetries between up- and down- chirped excitation in quantum optical systems. We use semiclassical quantum optics theory to describe these processes and experimentally characterize the asymmetry in the optical response in chirped, two-color saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) in an atomic vapor cell. Doing so demonstrates a theoretical and phenomenological correspondence to the simplest model of leptogenesis, the process by which our universe purportedly went from equal amounts of matter and antimater to its present matter excess. The understanding of the asymmetry as due to a broken discrete symmetry under chirp appears to illuminate the underlying processes responsible for other chirp asymmetries previously noted in the literature

Implementation of a deidentified federated data network for population-based cohort discovery.

ObjectiveThe Cross-Institutional Clinical Translational Research project explored a federated query tool and looked at how this tool can facilitate clinical trial cohort discovery by managing access to aggregate patient data located within unaffiliated academic medical centers.MethodsThe project adapted software from the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) program to connect three Clinical Translational Research Award sites: University of Washington, Seattle, University of California, Davis, and University of California, San Francisco. The project developed an iterative spiral software development model to support the implementation and coordination of this multisite data resource.ResultsBy standardizing technical infrastructures, policies, and semantics, the project enabled federated querying of deidentified clinical datasets stored in separate institutional environments and identified barriers to engaging users for measuring utility.DiscussionThe authors discuss the iterative development and evaluation phases of the project and highlight the challenges identified and the lessons learned.ConclusionThe common system architecture and translational processes provide high-level (aggregate) deidentified access to a large patient population (>5 million patients), and represent a novel and extensible resource. Enhancing the network for more focused disease areas will require research-driven partnerships represented across all partner sites

Implementation of a deidentified federated data network for population-based cohort discovery.

ObjectiveThe Cross-Institutional Clinical Translational Research project explored a federated query tool and looked at how this tool can facilitate clinical trial cohort discovery by managing access to aggregate patient data located within unaffiliated academic medical centers.MethodsThe project adapted software from the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) program to connect three Clinical Translational Research Award sites: University of Washington, Seattle, University of California, Davis, and University of California, San Francisco. The project developed an iterative spiral software development model to support the implementation and coordination of this multisite data resource.ResultsBy standardizing technical infrastructures, policies, and semantics, the project enabled federated querying of deidentified clinical datasets stored in separate institutional environments and identified barriers to engaging users for measuring utility.DiscussionThe authors discuss the iterative development and evaluation phases of the project and highlight the challenges identified and the lessons learned.ConclusionThe common system architecture and translational processes provide high-level (aggregate) deidentified access to a large patient population (>5 million patients), and represent a novel and extensible resource. Enhancing the network for more focused disease areas will require research-driven partnerships represented across all partner sites

Neonatal brain MRI and short-term outcomes after acute provoked seizures.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated how diagnosis and injury location on neonatal brain MRI following onset of acute provoked seizures was associated with short term outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter cohort of neonates with acute provoked seizures enrolled in the Neonatal Seizure Registry. MRIs were centrally evaluated by a neuroradiologist for location of injury and radiologic diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were determined by chart review. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between MRI findings and outcomes. RESULTS: Among 236 newborns with MRI at median age 4 days (IQR 3-8), 91% had abnormal MRI. Radiologic diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage (OR 3.2 [1.6-6.5], p < 0.001) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (OR 2.7 [1.4-5.4], p < 0.003) were associated with high seizure burden. Radiologic signs of intracranial infection were associated with abnormal neurologic examination at discharge (OR 3.9 [1.3-11.6], p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Findings on initial MRI can help with expectant counseling on short-term outcomes following acute provoked neonatal seizures