BEAMING SEARCHLIGHT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION.

The idea of developing International Law through the restatement of existing rules or through the formulation of new rules is not a recent phenomenon[1]. Enthusiasm for the “codification movement” generally stems from the belief that written International Law would remove the uncertainties of customary international law by filling existing gaps in the law, as well as by giving precision to abstract general principles whose practical application is not settled.[2] In carrying out this research, both primary and secondary sources of data are utilised. The primary sources include International Treaties, Statutes, Charters, etc, while, secondary sources include Textbooks, Yearbooks, journals, internet materials and so on. All the data were subjected to content and contextual analysis. The International Law Commission (ILC) is one of the least understood / appreciated legal institutions on the global scene,. Hence, this paper intends to increase awareness on the functions of the ILC and how it develops and codifies international law. It also aims ar holistically appraising the activities of the International Law Commission (ILC) hereinafter called “the commission”, its evolution, legal frameworks, functions, membership and prospects. It ends with concluding remarks and recommendations. KEYWORDS: International Law, Progressive Development, Codification, Commission, Functions and  Membership. * Dr.Babalola Abegunde, Lecturer & Sub-Dean, Faculty of Law, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]  .Tel: +2348037446738. [1] See The Work of the International Law Commission, United Nations Publications, (2012) New York, 8th Ed. Volume 1. [2] Ibid p.1; For further reading, see,Watts, A., The International Law Commission 1949-1998, (3 Vols, Oxford, 1999-2000); see also, Analytical Guide to the Work of the International Law Commission 1949-1997,United Nations, New York, 1998; The Finnish Yearbook of International Law 1998, Karl, T., et al (eds); Jennings, R.Y.,International Law Reform and Progressive Development, in G.Hafner, etal,(eds),Liber Amincorum Professor Seidl  Hohenvelveldern((Kluver,  The Hague ,1988),p.325

Extradition under International Law: Tool for Apprehension of Fugitives

Extradition is intended to bring an end of the era when criminals would have a sunny haven anywhere in the world. This paper examined its rationale, nature, principles and practices and conceptual framework. This paper also examined selected statistics, dynamics and politics of extradition and ends with concluding remarks.The aim of this paper is to emphasis on the importance of extradition as a potent weapon to reduced impunity by ensuring that there is no save haven for dictators, tyrants, cruel rulers and common criminals.This paper is a desk-based research which relies on both primary and secondary  sources of data which were subjected to contentual and contextual analysis.It is the finding of the author herein that extradition can only be effective of states demonstrate genuine will-power and down-play politics in extradition matters. Crime will be reduced if criminals know that they will be fished out. Keywords:Extradition, fugitive, double criminality, specialty, federation, conceptual framework, repatriation, statistics

Efficiency of garri marketing in Kwara State, Nigeria: implication for economic empowerment

Nigeria is the largest producer of cassava in the world. Marketing of garri, a major product from cassava, has potential for economic empowerment in Nigeria. The study analyzed the efficiency of garri marketing in Nigeria based on evidence from Kwara State. Data for the study was collected from 120 respondents and analyzed using budgetary and regression techniques. The results showed that most of the respondents were uneducated women who relied on personal savings to finance their agribusiness. Marketing efficiency was 1.12 indicating efficient marketing system which implies that the enterprise is profitable with huge potential for economic empowerment. Factors influencing profitability of garri enterprise (significantly at P ≤ 0.05) included cooperative participation and experience in garri marketing. Major reported marketing constraint included price fluctuation. In order to further improve profitability, hence the potential of garri enterprise for economic empowerment, this paper recommends increasing respondents’ access to more formal financial intermediaries, especially the cooperatives.Keywords: cassava, marketing efficiency, profitability, Nigeri

Nutritive Value and Preference of Guinea-Grass Ensiled with or without Additive by West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats

A study was designed to investigate silage additives’ effect on preference and nutritive value of five weeks re-growth guinea grass by West African dwarf (WAD) goats. The silages of five weeks re-growth guinea grass were made without additive (T1), with cassava peels additive (T2), and with fermented epiphytic juice of lactic acid bacteria in Panicum maximum (FEJPM) additive (T3). The effects of silage additives on preference, voluntary feed intake, growth, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization were assessed using 18 growing WAD goats (BW: 5.88±0.26 kg) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 silage (40.70 g/100g) than in T1 silage (39.00) and T3 silage (34.60). Crude protein values were similar (p>0.05) in T1 and T3 silages (10.63 and 10.72 g/100g DM) that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in T2 silage (12.54 g/100g DM). The silages of guinea grass had acceptable physical attributes in terms of color, odor, and texture, with pH values ranging from 3.87- 4.97. T1 and T3 silages were rejected, whereas T2 silage was accepted well by the experimental WAD goats. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in the WAD goats fed T2 silage (303.30 g/day), and the lowest (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (271.60 g/day). Similar to the ADFI, the highest average daily gain (ADG) was found in WAD goats fed T2 silage (37.25 g/day), and the lowest ADG (p<0.05) was found in WAD goats fed T1 silage (24.50 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of WAD goats fed T2 silage (8.15) was superior to those of WAD goats fed T1 silage (13.63) and T3 silage (9.66). Crude protein and dry matter digestibility values were higher (p<0.05) in WAD goat fed T2 silage (68.24 and 63.87%, respectively) than in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen intake and balance were significantly (p<0.05) the highest in WAD goats fed T2 silage (12.41 and 8.68 g/day, respectively), and these variables were similar in WAD goats fed T1 and T3 silages. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the silage additives. It was concluded that cassava peels were better than FEJPM as a silage additive since it improved fermentative quality, acceptability, feed intake, and digestibility of guinea grass silage by WAD goats