Ibuprofen Degradation from Synthetic Wastewater Using Photo-Fenton Process

   The removal of Ibuprofen antibiotics (IBU) by photo-degradation UV/H2O2/Fe+2 system was investigated in a batch reactor under different initial concentrations of H2O2 (100-500) mg/L, Fe+2 (10-40) mg/L, pH (3-9) and initial concentrations of IBU (10-80) mg/L, and their relationship with the degradation efficiency were studied. The result demonstrated that the maximum elimination of IBU was 85.54% achieved at 300 mg/L of H2O2, 30 mg/L of Fe+2, pH=3, and irradiation time of 150 min, for 10 mg/L of IBU. The results have shown that the oxidation reagent H2O2 plays a very important role in IBU degradation

Biosynthetic of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Zizyphus Spina-Christi Leaves Extract: Properties

The present project utilizes a straightforward, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to produce Titanium dioxide nanoparticles utilizing Zizyphus Spina-Christi leaves (Z-TiO2). Ultra-Spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) was used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, which showed the production of nanoparticles at 320 nm absorbance. To investigate functional groups, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used. The presence of Titanium Dioxide was verified using Energy Distribution X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface area is calculated using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) formula. Images from Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) verified the nanoparticles' spherical shape and relatively homogenous size distribution. These findings demonstrated that the production of Z-TiO2 nanoparticles was successful

Ability of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solutions Using Immobilized TiO2/Sand

The response surface method was applied to optimize operational factors in the solar photocatalytic process on the removal of Amoxicillin (AMOX) residues from aqueous solution using TiO2 immobilized on the sand as a catalyst. The results reveal that the degradation percentage of AMOX is 93.12%, when optimal conditions of pH=5, 75 mg/l of TiO2, 400 mg/l of H2O2, and 10 mg/l of AMOX concentration at 150 min irradiation time were used. Furthermore, the model’s expected response results have reasonable similarity with the actual data (R2 = 93.58%), demonstrating the efficiency of this method in making an accurate prediction. A second-order polynomial multiple regression model was used to evaluate the responses, which confirms that was a satisfactory adjustment with the achieved data through analysis of variance (R2 = 93.58%, R2adj = 91.48% and R2pred =89.68%). In addition, it is observed that the removal of undesirable compounds follows a pseudo-2nd order kinetic model with R2 = 0.9862. In conclusion, with the ease of usage of immobilized TiO2 and good photocatalytic efficiency, the findings showed the potential application to the antibiotics from an aqueous solution

Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation for Treatment of Oil from Wastewater

In the present study, advanced oxidation process / heterogeneous photocatalytic process (UV/TiO2/Fenton) system was investigated to the treatment of oily wastewater. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration H2O2, initial amount of the iron catalyst Fe+2, pH, temperature, amount of TiO2 and the concentration of oil in the wastewater. The removal efficiency for the system UV/TiO2/Fenton at optimal conditions and dosage (H2O2 = 400mg/L, Fe+2 = 40mg/L, pH=5, temperature =30oC, TiO2=75mg/L) for 1000mg/L load was found to be 77%. Aluminum foil cover around the reactor and air bubbling were utilized in the experiments of photo Fenton UV/ H2O2/Fe+2 homogeneous and heterogeneous systems in order to improve the removal efficiency. The removal efficiency was improved to 81% for UV/TiO2/Fenton system . The reaction was found to be of a first order throughout the systems

An experimental investigation of the settling behavior of two spheres in a power law fluid

Experiments were conducted to examine the settling motion of two stainless steel spheres at two sphere arrangements in a power law fluid (carboxymethylcellulose solution) with different concentrations (0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1% weight to volume). Both ‘in line’ and ‘side by side’ sphere arrangements were investigated. The impact of the initial separation distance between spheres; defined as a ratio of the distance between the spheres centers to their diameter, on their behavior was examined. The velocity ratio, defined by the velocity of the two interacting spheres compared to the velocity of a single isolated sphere, was determined. When the spheres are touching in their initial position, the velocity ratio was equal to 2.14, however as the separation distance increased, the velocity ratio decreased until a value of 1.14 at a separation distance of 5.41 indicating that the spheres behaved as isolated spheres for this condition. The behavior for both the in line and side by side sphere arrangements in the power law fluid was found to be very similar to that observed in a Newtonian fluid, with the exception of the case of the two spheres side by side. The behavior of the side by side spheres diverged from that observed for a Newtonian fluid at a separation distance of between two and five, implying that at some stage within this range a stable equilibrium distance may be reached. While when the initial separation distance was less than two, the two spheres repelled each other that are similar to the behavior in a Newtonian fluid, when the separation distance increased to five, the two spheres kept the same distance between them for a while before coming together

Flotation and Sorptive-Flotation Methods for Removal of Lead Ions from Wastewater Using SDS as Surfactant and Barley Husk as Biosorbent

The removal of lead ions from simulated wastewater was investigated using flotation and sorptive-flotation methods. This was achieved by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant and barley husk as biosorbent. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of various parameters such as pH (3, 5, and 8), initial lead ions concentration (25, 50, and 100) mg/L, flow rates (500, 1000, and 1500 mL/min), and SDS concentration (25, 50, and 100) mg/L. The results show that the removal efficiency was enhanced by about 10% when using sorptive-flotation compared with flotation only at the same conditions. Langmuir isotherm model with = 12.7 and high determination coefficient equal to 0.988 was found to give the best fit to the experimental data compared to Freundlich isotherm model with = 3.49 and correlation coefficient equal to 0.94. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were studied and the results show that the adsorption data correlated with pseudo-first-order kinetic model with 1 equal to 0.122, and this is an indicator to the reversible interaction with equilibrium being established between liquid and solid waste

An experimental investigation of the settling behaviour of two spheres in a power law fluid

Experiments were conducted to examine the settling motion of two stainless steel spheres at two sphere arrangements in a power law fluid (carboxymethylcellulose solution) with different concentrations (0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1% weight to volume). Both ‘in line’ and ‘side by side’ sphere arrangements were investigated. The impact of the initial separation distance between spheres; defined as a ratio of the distance between the spheres centers to their diameter, on their behavior was examined. The velocity ratio, defined by the velocity of the two interacting spheres compared to the velocity of a single isolated sphere, was determined. When the spheres are touching in their initial position, the velocity ratio was equal to 2.14, however as the separation distance increased, the velocity ratio decreased until a value of 1.14 at a separation distance of 5.41 indicating that the spheres behaved as isolated spheres for this condition. The behavior for both the in line and side by side sphere arrangements in the power law fluid was found to be very similar to that observed in a Newtonian fluid, with the exception of the case of the two spheres side by side. The behavior of the side by side spheres diverged from that observed for a Newtonian fluid at a separation distance of between two and five, implying that at some stage within this range a stable equilibrium distance may be reached. While when the initial separation distance was less than two, the two spheres repelled each other that are similar to the behavior in a Newtonian fluid, when the separation distance increased to five, the two spheres kept the same distance between them for a while before coming together

Application of Waste Lead Acid Battery Plastic to Produce Lightweight Masonry Units

The concrete industry consumes millions of tons of aggregate comprising of natural sands and gravels, each year. In recent years there has been an increasing trend towards using recycled aggregate to save natural resources and to produce lightweight concrete. This study investigates the possibility of using waste plastic as one of the components of lead-acid batteries to replace the fine aggregate by 50 and 70% by volume of concrete masonry units. Compared to the reference concrete mix, results demonstrated that a reduction of approximately 32.5% to 39.6% in the density for replacement of 50% to 70% respectively. At 28 days curing age, the compressive strength was decreased while the water absorption increased by increasing waste plastic percentage. The leaching test revealed that lead ion extracted from the WLABP-modified concrete was within the acceptable limits. The findings of this study indicated a sustainable alternative solution for reducing the effects on the environment posed by waste plastic from lead-acid batteries

Thermal Properties of Lead-Acid Battery Plastic Lightweight Concrete

This study investigates the possibility of using waste plastic as one of the components of expired lead-acid batteries to produce lightweight concrete. Different percentages of lead-acid battery plastic were used in the production of lightweight concrete. The replacements were (70, 80 and 100%) by volume of the fine and coarse aggregate. Results demonstrated that a reduction of approximately 23.6% to 35% in the wet density was observed when replacement of 70% to 100% of the natural aggregate by lead-acid battery plastic. Also, the compressive strength decreased slightly with the increase in plastic content at different curing ages of 7, 28, 60, 90, 120 days. The lowest value of compressive strength was (20.7 MPa) for (waste plastic =100%) at (120) days test age. The results also revealed that the thermal conductivity decreased by the addition of waste plastic compared to plain concrete and this property is decreased due to an increase in waste proportion

Removal Water Turbidity by Crumb Rubber Media

The removal of water turbidity by using crumb rubber filter was investigated .The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variation of influent water turbidity (10, 25 and 50 NTU), media size (0.6and 1.14mm), filtration rate (25, 45 and 65 l/hr) and bed depth (30 and 60 cm) on the performance of mono crumb rubber filter in response to the effluent filtered water turbidity and head loss development, and compare it with that of conventional sand filter. Results revealed that 25 l/hr flow rate and 25 NTU influent turbidity were the best operating conditions. smaller media size and higher bed depth gave the best removal efficiency while higher media size and small bed depth gave lower head loss. The optimum results show that 92.7% removal efficiency and 8.3 mm head loss. The comparison results show that at constant operating conditions, pressure drop for crumb rubber filter is lower than conventional sand filter; about 42% reduction in pressure drop than sand filter and the conventional sand filter has a little enhancement in removal efficiency than crumb rubber filter, 96.8% for sand while for crumb rubber 92.7%