2,870 research outputs found
Longitudinal Viscous Flow in Granular Gases
The flow characterized by a linear longitudinal velocity field
, where , a uniform density , and a uniform temperature is analyzed for dilute granular gases
by means of a BGK-like model kinetic equation in dimensions. For a given
value of the coefficient of normal restitution , the relevant control
parameter of the problem is the reduced deformation rate
(which plays the role of the Knudsen number), where is an effective collision frequency. The relevant response
parameter is a nonlinear viscosity function defined from the
difference between the normal stress and the hydrostatic pressure
. The main results of the paper are: (a) an exact first-order
ordinary differential equation for is derived from the kinetic
model; (b) a recursion relation for the coefficients of the Chapman--Enskog
expansion of in powers of is obtained; (c) the
Chapman--Enskog expansion is shown to diverge for elastic collisions
() and converge for inelastic collisions (), in the latter
case with a radius of convergence that increases with inelasticity; (d) a
simple approximate analytical solution for , hardly
distinguishable from the numerical solution of the differential equation, is
constructed.Comment: 6 pages; 3 figures; presented in the 26th International Symposium on
Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Kyoto, Japan, July 21-25, 2008
The effect of die half angle in tube nosing with relieved die
This research concentrates on rotary nosing using cone shape dies, in particular using “relieved dies”. “Relieved die” is a cone-shape die with contact surfaces and grounddown relieved surfaces. The objective of this research is to improve the forming limit by reducing the necessary force during the process. The present research focuses attention on the effect of die half angle. Die half angle is important parameter because the angle of nosing depends on the angle of the die in press and rotary nosing. According to the previous research, the forming limit is highest when the number of contact areas is three [1]. Therefore, this paper researched on the effect of die half angle by experiment and calculation, FEM, under the condition that the number of contact areas is three. It is revealed that the optimum contact angle changes depending on the die half angle
Observation of Microscopic Deformation Behavior of Cork
Cork is a material that has many characteristics, for instance, light weight, elasticity, insulation against heat, impermeability for liquid, and so forth. There are two types of cork, the natural and the agglomerated corks. In the present paper, compression tests of the natural and the agglomerated cork specimens were carried out. The compression test were done in various directions. Compressive stress was measured by a original compression apparatus, and stress-strain curves were obtained in various directions of the cork specimens. In the natural cork, there are differences between the radial and the non-radial direction. The recovery of dimensions after compression was also studied in respective directions. The structure of the deformed surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope
Modelling of anthropogenic pollutant diffusion in the atmosphere and applications to civil protection monitoring
A basic feature of fluid mechanics concerns the frictionless phase-space
dynamics of particles in an incompressible fluid. The issue, besides its
theoretical interest in turbulence theory, is important in many applications,
such as the pollutant dynamics in the atmosphere, a problem relevant for civil
protection monitoring of air quality. Actually, both the numerical simulation
of the ABL (atmospheric boundary layer) portion of the atmosphere and that of
pollutant dynamics may generally require the correct definition of the
Lagrangian dynamics which characterizes arbitrary fluid elements of
incompressible thermofluids. We claim that particularly important for
applications would be to consider these trajectories as phase-space
trajectories. This involves, however, the unfolding of a fundamental
theoretical problem up to now substantially unsolved: {\it namely the
determination of the exact frictionless dynamics of tracer particles in an
incompressible fluid, treated either as a deterministic or a turbulent (i.e.,
stochastic) continuum.} In this paper we intend to formulate the necessary
theoretical framework to construct such a type of description. This is based on
a phase-space inverse kinetic theory (IKT) approach recently developed for
incompressible fluids (Ellero \textit{et al.}, 2004-2008). {\it Our claim is
that the conditional frictionless dynamics of a tracer particles - which
corresponds to a prescribed velocity probability density and an arbitrary
choice of the relevant fluid fields - can be exactly specified}.Comment: Contributed paper at RGD26 (Kyoto, Japan, July 2008
Inverse kinetic theory for incompressible thermofluids
An interesting issue in fluid dynamics is represented by the possible
existence of inverse kinetic theories (IKT) which are able to deliver, in a
suitable sense, the complete set of fluid equations which are associated to a
prescribed fluid. From the mathematical viewpoint this involves the formal
description of a fluid by means of a classical dynamical system which advances
in time the relevant fluid fields. The possibility of defining an IKT for the
3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (INSE), recently investigated (Ellero
\textit{et al}, 2004-2007) raises the interesting question whether the theory
can be applied also to thermofluids, in such a way to satisfy also the second
principle of thermodynamics. The goal of this paper is to prove that such a
generalization is actually possible, by means of a suitable \textit{extended
phase-space formulation}. We consider, as a reference test, the case of
non-isentropic incompressible thermofluids, whose dynamics is described by the
Fourier and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, the latter subject to
the conditions of validity of the Boussinesq approximation.Comment: Contributed paper at RGD26 (Kyoto, Japan, July 2008
-Mineral-Salt Block-Efficient and Unique Supplemental Method of Trace Mineral for Cattle in Japan
IKT approach for quantum hydrodynamic equations
A striking feature of standard quantum mechanics is its analogy with
classical fluid dynamics. In particular it is well known the Schr\"{o}dinger
equation can be viewed as describing a classical compressible and non-viscous
fluid, described by two (quantum) fluid fields {\rho ,% \mathbf{V}} , to be
identified with the quantum probability density and velocity field. This
feature has suggested the construction of a phase-space hidden-variable
description based on a suitable inverse kinetic theory (IKT; Tessarotto et al.,
2007). The discovery of this approach has potentially important consequences
since it permits to identify the classical dynamical system which advances in
time the quantum fluid fields. This type of approach, however requires the
identification of additional fluid fields. These can be generally identified
with suitable directional fluid temperatures (for ), to be
related to the expectation values of momentum fluctuations appearing in the
Heisenberg inequalities. Nevertheless the definition given previously for them
(Tessarotto et al., 2007) is non-unique. In this paper we intend to propose a
criterion, based on the validity of a constant H-theorem, which provides an
unique definition for the quantum temperatures.Comment: Contributed paper at RGD26 (Kyoto, Japan, July 2008
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