Cari Rezeki, Numpang, Siap: The Reclamation Process of Peat Swamp Forest in Riau(<Partly Special Issue>Studies on the Dynamics of the Frontier World in Insular Southeast Asia)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ Cathode Materials Co-Doped with La³⁺ and S²⁻ for Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Spherical LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ particles co-doped with lanthanum (La) and sulfur (S) were synthesized by a facile co-precipitation assisted solid-state annealing method with stable oxysulfide La₂O₂S (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.2 at%) as a dopant. The prepared composite materials exhibited a slight shrinkage of lattice parameters without any impurity phase under x <= 0.7 at%, and the Ni/Mn disordered arrangement in the spinel lattice increased with an increase in the ratio of dopants, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements also clearly indicated that the residual Mn³⁺ in the cubic lattice could be effectively eliminated with the use of La₂O₂S dopants. The composite materials showed outstanding rate and cycling performance compared with those of the pristine material. Specifically, the material doped with 0.5 at% La₂O₂S showed a high reversible capacity of 115.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 C, and a remarkable cycling performance of 109.2 mAh g⁻¹ even after 200 cycles. All of these extraordinary performances were attributed to the synergistic effects of La and S in the spinel structure, which induce a suitable pathway for lithium ion and a robust architecture during the electrochemical assessment

Electrochemical Performance of Nanorod-like (La, Zr) Co-Doped Li-rich Li₁.₂Ni₀.₂Mn₀.₆O₂ OF ACCESS Cathodes for Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries

A lithium-rich layered structure in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted much attention due to its high capacity of over 250 mAhg⁻¹ after activation. This could satisfy the requirements of next-generation energy-storage devices. However, a spinel-like impurity phase that forms from the pristine layered structure during cycling is considered to be harmful to the structure stability and Li⁺ mobility, resulting in undesired electrochemical performance. In this study, nanorod-like Li₁.₂Ni₀.₂Mn₀.₆O₂ with a three-dimensional architecture was synthesized by evaporative-crystallization with as-prepared nano-MnO₂ as a hard template. The structure stability and Li⁺ mobility of the nanorod-like Li₁.₂Ni₀.₂Mn₀.₆O₂ was improved by the addition of an appropriate molar ratios of (La, Zr) co-dopants. This combination exhibited outstanding capacity retention of 80.9% with a stable discharge capacity of 102 mAh g⁻¹ after 300 cycles under a high current density of 1000 mAg⁻¹ (corresponding to S C). This study suggests that the use of a multi-prong strategy that combines morphology control and co-doping should be an effective method for improving the high-rate performance of Li-rich materials

Clonal origin of Epstein-Barr virus-infected T/NK-cell subpopulations in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

Clonal expansion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected B-cells occasionally occurs in immunocompromized subjects. EBV-infected T/natural killer (NK)-cells proliferate in patients with chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) that is a rare mononucleosis syndrome. It is classified into either T-cell type or NK-cell type according to the primary target of infection, while the pathogenesis remains unclear. To search the clonal origin of EBV-infected T/NK-cells, virus distribution and clonotype were assessed by using highly purified cell fractions obtained from 6 patients. Patient 1 had a monoclonal proliferation of EBV-infected T-cell receptor V&#x3b4;2/V&#x3b3;9-expressing cells, and carried lower copy number of EBV in &#x3b1;&#x3b2;T-cells. Patients 2 and 3 had a clonal expansion of EBV-infected CD4+T-cells, and lower EBV load in CD56+cells. Patients 4, 5 and 6 had an expansion of CD56+cells with higher EBV load than CD3+cells. EBV-terminal repeats were determined as clonal bands in the minor targeted populations of 5 patients. The size of terminal repeats indicated the same clonotype in minor subsets as in major subsets of 4 patients. However, EBV was not detected in bone marrow-derived lineage negative CD34+cells of patients. These results suggested that EBV could infect T/NK-cells at differentiation stage, but spared bone marrow CD34+hematopoietic stem cells in CAEBV patients

The "Rou-Seki" marble from Nakano in Ichiu area, East Shikoku : research of marbles relating with the construction of National Diet Building of Japan in Tokyo

国会議事堂関連石材として文献資料に登場する一宇中野の「ろう石」大理石を調査し，採掘跡を確認した。「ろう石」は三波川帯南縁に露出する中野緑色岩類北縁に随伴する石灰質片岩である。その採掘跡は，文献に記述された大正末～昭和初期の当時の状況で残されていることが確認された。徳島県産大理石としては，稀少な石灰質片岩であり，近代初期の採掘跡として貴重であることから，その保存と内外への紹介が期待される

The ADAXIALIZED LEAF1 gene functions in leaf and embryonic pattern formation in rice

AbstractThe adaxial–abaxial axis in leaf primordia is thought to be established first and is necessary for the expansion of the leaf lamina along the mediolateral axis. To understand axis information in leaf development, we isolated the adaxialized leaf1 (adl1) mutant in rice, which forms abaxially rolled leaves. adl1 leaves are covered with bulliform-like cells, which are normally distributed only on the adaxial surface. An adl1 double mutant with the adaxially snowy leaf mutant, which has albino cells that specifically appear in the abaxial mesophyll tissue, indicated that adl1 leaves show adaxialization in both epidermal and mesophyll tissues. The expression of HD-ZIPIII genes in adl1 mutant increased in mature leaves, but not in the young primordia or the SAM. This indicated that ADL1 may not be directly involved in determining initial leaf polarity, but rather is associated with the maintenance of axis information. ADL1 encodes a plant-specific calpain-like cysteine proteinase orthologous to maize DEFECTIVE KERNEL1. Furthermore, we identified intermediate and strong alleles of the adl1 mutant that generate shootless embryos and globular-arrested embryos with aleurone layer loss, respectively. We propose that ADL1 plays an important role in pattern formation of the leaf and embryo by promoting proper epidermal development

Complexation of F⁻ by Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ Ions as Inorganic Anion Acceptors in Lactone-Based Li⁺/F⁻ and Mg²⁺/F⁻ Hybrid Electrolytes for Fluoride Shuttle Batteries

The development of high-quality fluoride-ion transporting electrolytes is a crucial demand for fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs). However, the uncontrolled chemical and electrochemical activities of fluoride ions narrow the available potential window, hindering the development of high-voltage FSB cells. We present a method for upgrading recently developed lactone-based liquid fluoride electrolytes by complexation of F⁻ with Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. In the resultant Li⁺/F⁻ and Mg²⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolytes, Li2F+ and MgF+ were the most probable soluble complexes, and the effective fluoride concentrations could reach ∼0.15 M along with excess Li⁺(Mg²⁺) ions. Unique interactions between F⁻ and Li⁺(Mg²⁺) were observed using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Li⁺(Mg²⁺) ions thus served as inorganic anion acceptors with ultimate redox stabilities to expand the negative potential window of the electrolytes to near −3 V vs SHE. The proposed complex formation was also supported by a conductometric titration method. We demonstrated the superior and versatile electrochemical performances of the Li⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolyte, which enabled reversible charge/discharge reactions of various metal electrodes and composite electrodes in a wide range of redox series. Further, the Li⁺/F⁻ hybrid electrolyte opened valid new reaction paths for aluminum, making it a promising negative electrode in high-voltage FSB cells