Instrumen Kebajikan ke Arah Komitmen Terhadap Organisasi : Satu Kajian di Batalion Kesembilan Rejimen Renjer DiRaja

This research was carried out to find out the level of organizational commitment among the officers and staff from 9 Royal Ranger (9 RRD) of the Army-The study was twofold. Firstly, it sought to determine the association between welfare given by the Armed Forces and unit 9 RRD in relation to organizational commitment. Secondly, the study was also to find out the differences between commitment toward organizational and demography based on age, academic, services,marital status,rank and wages. Questionaires with a total of 37 questions were used as a research instrument. Respondents total of 112 comprising of officers and other rank were randomly selected. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Versi 11.0 software programme. Statistical analysis techniques such as Pearson Correlation test, t-Test and ANOVA were used to test the 9 hypotheses. The findings revealed positive and significant relationship between welfare given by the Armed Forces and unit 9 RRD in relation to organizational commitment. The finding based on descriptive measure of commitment towards organizational and demography shown that there are relation and significant on the bases of age and pay. Others such as academic, services, marital status and rank shown that there were not significant. Based on this study, implications fiom the finding were highlighted to the Infantry Directorate of the Army as an effort in enhancing commitment towards organizational of the Armed Forces and 9 RRD

Bis[trans-dichloridobis(propane-1,3-diamine-κ2 N,N′)chromium(III)] tetra­chloridozincate determined using synchrotron radiation

In the title compound, [CrCl2(C3H10N2)2]2[ZnCl4], the CrIII atom is coordinated by four N atoms of propane-1,3-diamine (tn) and two Cl atoms in a trans arrangement, displaying a distorted octa­hedral geometry with crystallographic inversion symmetry; the Zn atom in the [ZnCl4]2− anion lies on a -4 axis. The orientations of the two six-membered chelate rings in the complex cation are in an anti chair–chair conformation with respect to each other. The Cr—N bond lengths are 2.087 (6) and 2.097 (6) Å. The Cr—Cl and Zn—Cl bond lengths are 2.3151 (16) and 2.3255 (13) Å, respectively. Weak inter­molecular hydrogen bonds involving the tn NH2 groups as donors and chloride ligands of the anion and cation as acceptors are observed

{3,14-Dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetra­aza­tricyclo­[16.4.0.07,12]docosane-κ4 N,N′,N′′,N′′′)bis­(nitrato-κO)copper(II)

The CuII atom in the title compound, [Cu(NO3)2(C20H40N4)], is N,N′,N′′,N′′′-chelated by the macrocyclic ligand: the four N atoms form a square, above and below which are located the O atoms of the nitrate ions. The metal atom exists in a tetra­gonally distorted octa­hedron, on a special position of site symmetry. One of the amino groups is hydrogen bonded to an O atom of the nitrate ion. The other amino group is hydrogen bonded to O atom of an adjacent mol­ecule, generating a supra­molecular dimeric hydrogen-bonded dinuclear aggregate

2,13-Dibenzyl-5,16-diethyl-2,6,13,17-tetra­aza­tricyclo­[16.4.0.07,12]docosan-2-ium nitrate

One of the tertiary amine atoms has been protonated in the title salt, C36H57N4 +·NO3 −. The four N atoms of the macrocycle are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0053 Å), a result correlated with the formation of intra­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯(N,N) hydrogen bonds. With respect to this plane, the benzyl groups lie to either side; a similar arrangement pertains for the cyclo­hexyl rings (each with a chair conformation). Helical supra­molecular chains are evident in the crystal, whereby alternating cations and anions are linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions. The chains are consolidated into supra­molecular arrays in the ab plane via C—H⋯π contacts involving both benzene rings

Dissecting the initiation factors required for translation initiation on feline calicivirus RNA

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Dissecting the Initiation Factors Required for Translation Initiation on Feline Calicivirus RNA.

Caliciviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. The viral genome is polyadenylated at the 3' end and 7-8 kb in length. The 5' end of the genome does not possess a cap structure to direct translation of the mRNA. Instead, a viral protein VPg is present which has been demonstrated to act as a novel proteinaceous ‘cap-substitute’ to direct the translation of both the genomic and subgenomic RNAs. Initial work has shown that eIF4A is required for the translation of feline calicivirus (FCV) RNA. The aim of this study was to carry out further analysis of the initiation factors of the eIF4F cap binding complex (eIF4A, eIF4G, eIF4E and poly A binding protein-PABP) and their requirement translation of feline calicivirus (FCV) mRNA. We have developed a system to knock down eIF4AI expression in Crandell Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells using siRNA, and have shown that this leads to an inhibition of virus translation and replication. We have also shown that eIF4AI binds to the FCV RNA and have determined the minimal binding site of eIF4AI on FCV RNA. As a second parameter of our study, we have also demonstrated the knock down of PABP expression in CRFK cells using siRNA and showed that this knockdown also leads to inhibition of FCV translation and replication. Finally we have shown that knockdown of eIF4GI in Human Embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells using shRNA leads to inhibition of FCV protein synthesis and replication. On the basis of this research, we have proposed a model of the interactions of the FCV RNA with components of the eIF4F complex i.e., eIF4A, eIF4G and PABP. Furthermore, our model also suggests a possible mechanism for the switch from translation to replication of viral RNA late in infection

Biopolymer-Based Nanosystems for siRNA Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors including Breast Cancer

Nanobiopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid, lipids, peptides, exosomes, etc., delivery systems have prospects to help overwhelmed physiological difficulties allied with the delivery of siRNA drugs to solid tumors, including breast cancer cells. Nanobiopolymers have favorable stimuli-responsive properties and therefore can be utilized to improve siRNA delivery platforms to undruggable MDR metastatic cancer cells. These biopolymeric siRNA drugs can shield drugs from pH degradation, extracellular trafficking, and nontargeted binding sites and are consequently suitable for drug internalization in a controlled-release fashion. In this review, the utilization of numerous biopolymeric compounds such as siRNA drug delivery systems for MDR solid tumors, including breast cancers, will be discussed

3,14-Diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane dichloride tetrahydrate from synchrotron radiation

The asymmetric unit of title hydrated salt, C22H46N42+·2Cl−·4H2O, comprises half a centrosymmetric dication, one Cl− anion and two water molecules of crystallization. The structure determination reveals that protonation has occurred at diagonally opposite amine N atoms, and that the dication features intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, a three-dimensional artchitecture is formed by O—H...Cl/N and N—H...Cl/O hydrogen bonds