Diagnostic Value of Erythropoietin Levels in Umbilical Cord Blood in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Clinical Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Background. In recent years erythropoietin has received particular attention due to the discovery of its important non-haematological effects. Erythropoietin is recognized as a pluripotent glycoprotein, manifesting neurotropic and neuroprotective properties as well as participating in angio-, neuro- and oligodendrogenesis, interferes with the effects of hypoxia-ischemia, oxidative stress and associated with them inflammation and apoptosis in the brain. During fetal hypoxia, the dominant production of erythropoietin switches to the placenta, starting its active synthesis to protect the brain, heart and other vital organs from harmful effects of severe hypoxia.Objectives. The study was aimed at determining the correlation between the severity of hypoxic ischemic brain injury and erythropoietin level in the artery and vein of the umbilical cord.Methods. A clinical observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the basis of the Maternity Hospital, Neonatal Pathology and Pediatric Departments №1 and №2 of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics under the auspices of Rostov State Medical University, Russian Federation. The study included 184 newborns with moderate (group II, n = 78) and severe hypoxic ischemic injury of the central nervous system (group III, n = 42). Group I consisted of 64 children without signs of central nervous system injury in the early neonatal period. Among which, following the maternal medical histories, 40 newborns were allocated to the group with the apparent development of delayed manifestation of neurological pathology. The evaluation of erythropoietin concentration in the umbilical cord blood was conducted separately in the artery and vein with Erythropoietin-EIA-BEST, a set of reagents for the enzyme-linked determination of erythropoietin concentration in the blood serum. Statistical analysis was carried out via MS Excel 2019 (Microsoft, USA), Statistica 12.5, (IBM, USA), SPSS27.001.Results. Erythropoietin concentrations in the blood of the artery and vein of the umbilical cord in the groups of newborns were determined according to the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The authors of the study showed the correlation between the “maternal-placental-fetal” blood flow at 36–40 weeks of gestation, which parameters are important antenatal predictors of the central nervous system injury, and the values of erythropoietin in arterial and venous umbilical cord blood as diagnostic markers.Conclusion. The severity of cerebral abnormalities is determined by a high level of erythropoietin, while a decrease in erythropoietin level with severe cerebral deficit can mark a disabling injury

Risk factors for orthorexia nervosa in health professionals

The purpose of the study is to identify the prevalence and additional risk factors for ON in healthcare professionals.Цель исследования – выявить распространенность и дополнительные факторы риска НО у медицинских работников

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases in the Ural Federal District

Introduction Helicobacter pylori has the most pronounced oncogenic potential among known biological carcinogens of humans. Helicobacter positivity leads to the development of chronic gastritis and with prolonged persistence of infection in the gastric mucosa it is associated with the development of atrophic gastritis and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. According to international data, the prevalence of infection in Russia corresponds to the level of countries with low socio-economic status. The domestic literature contains data for a limited number of regions, such as North-West Russia, Siberia and the Far East. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis among patients residing in the Ural Federal District and to identify risk factors for these diseases using modern diagnostic methods used in clinical practice. Materials and methods Observational non-interventional anonymous cross-sectional study of 11,721 primary patients among those tested for H. pylori infection residing in the Ural Federal District. 13C-urease breath test was performed in 10,882 patients, FGDS with gastric mucosal biopsy according to OLGA and histological evaluation of biopsy specimens – in 839 patients. Results The prevalence of H. pylori infection among primary care patients by 13C-UT was 46.9 % and that of chronic atrophic gastritis by histological evaluation of a biopsy specimen was 24.9 %. The risk of chronic atrophic gastritis was higher in those infected with H. pylori (OR 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.24–2.37, p = 0.002) and in patients over 60 years old. Discussion The resulting prevalence of H. pylori infection in the Ural Federal District is below the levels reported in the current literary for Russia. The increasing prevalence of infection with age confirms the principle that the prevalence of infection depends on changing socio-economic conditions in a generation. The observed prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis is comparable with the national data. The risk of gastric mucosal atrophy increases with age and in the presence of H. pylori infection, which prompts active screening of gastropathology in this category of individuals. Conclusion The prevalence of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis among primary patients, as determined by reference diagnostics, was 46.9 % and 24.9 %, respectively.Введение. Бактерия Helicobacter pylori обладает наиболее выраженным онкогенным потенциалом среди известных биологических канцерогенов человека. Положительный хеликобактерный статус приводит к развитию хронического гастрита и при длительной персистенции инфекции в слизистой оболочке желудка ассоциирован с развитием атрофического гастрита и аденокарциномы желудка. По международным данным, распространенность инфекции в России соответствует уровню стран с низким социально-экономическим статусом. В отечественной литературе присутствуют данные для ограниченного числа регионов: Северо-Западной части России, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Цель работы – определить распространенность инфекции Helicobacter pylori и хронического атрофического гастрита среди пациентов, проживающих в Уральском федеральном округе, и выявить факторы риска данных заболеваний посредством современных методов диагностики, применяемых в клинической практике. Материалы и методы. Обсервационное неинтервенционное анонимное кросс-секционное исследование 11 721 первичного пациента. Все пациенты, проходившие обследование на инфекцию H. pylori, проживали на территории Уральского федерального округа. 13С-уреазный дыхательный тест выполнен 10 882 больным, ФГДС с биопсией слизистой оболочки желудка по OLGA (англ. Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment) и гистологической оценкой биоптатов – 839 пациентам. Результаты. Распространенность инфекции H. pylori среди пациентов, первично обратившихся за медицинской помощью, по результатам 13С-УДТ составила 46,9 %, а хронического атрофического гастрита по данным гистологической оценки биоптата – 24,9 %. Риск развития хронического атрофического гастрита выше у лиц, инфицированных H. pylori (ОШ 2,25; 95 % ДИ:1,62–3,11, р < 0,001), и пациентов старше 60 лет. Обсуждение. Полученная распространенность инфекции H. pylori в Уральском федеральном округе ниже представленных в современных литературных источниках уровней для России. Нарастание распространенности инфекции с возрастом подтверждает принцип зависимости распространенности инфекции от изменения социально-экономических условий жизни поколения. Выявленная распространенность хронического атрофического гастрита сопоставима с отечественными данными. Риск развития атрофии слизистой оболочки желудка повышается с возрастом и при наличии инфекции H. pylori, что побуждает к активному скринингу гастропатологии у данной категории лиц. Заключение. Распространенность инфекции H. pylori и атрофического гастрита среди первичных пациентов, определенная на основании референсных методов диагностики, составила 46,9 % и 24,9 % соответственно

Participatory approach for assessing institutional resilience: a case study of crises in Austria

This paper outlines the procedure of employing novel software tools within a series of participatory workshops designed for measuring and monitoring the resilience of Austria's socioeconomic system based on network analysis and systems research. This study employs the principles of the four-stage adaptive cycle to quantify the perspectives of major stakeholders regarding resilience readiness in Austrian society and to explore the implications. At the FASresearch company in Vienna, 278 representatives from 15 key sectors of Austrian society were asked to estimate the resilience of their respective sectors and identify the key resilience factors for each sector. Results pinpoint the most critical stakeholders and resilience factors, highlight the importance of quality relationships among stakeholders, and indicate that while stakeholders accurately perceive the stages of growth (r), equilibrium (K), and regeneration (α), they tend to underestimate the significance of the final (Ω) stage of the adaptive cycle, characterized by disturbance and collapse of outdated systems. Improved recognition and preparation for each stage may result in the increased resilience of each sector to potential crises in the future. Notably, perspectives regarding resilience in the face of a crisis were gathered prior to the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, in addition to fulfilling an analytic-diagnostic function, resilience monitoring techniques are also intended as an adaptive tool for novel resilience management

The influence of microclimate on the calves' bodies in the bioclimatic conditions of the Caspian lowlands in Dagestan

The aim of our research was to study the microclimate's influence on some clinical and physiological parameters of calves in the conditions of livestock complexes of the Republic of Dagestan. Research methods: veterinary, zootechnical, logical, systemic. The results of the study of calf pen microclimate parameters showed the range of fluctuations: temperature 6,5-22,5 0 C, humidity 74.2 -98.1%, air velocity 0.25- 0.40m/s, carbon dioxide concentration 0.4 -0.2% and ammonia 2-6 mg/m3. The study results of the clinical and physiological calves’ state showed changes in body temperature from 38.0 to 39.3 0C, pulse rate from 65 to 71 beats per minute, respiratory frequency movements from 22 to 26 per minute. The results of hematological studies has shown that the studied indicators had a range of fluctuations: hemoglobin 8.6 - 9.4 g%, erythrocytes 7.1-7,9, leukocytes 7.2-8.9 th./mm3. Conclusions. The study results of the calf pen microclimate showed that it complied with zoohygienic norms. The relative humidity and air velocity indicators exceeded the permissible zoohygienic standards. Indicators of calves’ physiological condition corresponded to the norms of a healthy animal. Hematological and biochemical blood indicators of calves were within the physiological norm

Assessment of methods of purification of corynebacterium allergen with definition of concentration and its experimental application

Aim: Search for an effective method for obtaining bacterial protein and determining  the optimal concentration for identification of specific types.   Material and Methods. Using the example of a C. xerosis N 1911 reference strain  grown on a nutrient medium improved by us, methods were investigated of protein  precipitation with sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, trichloroacetic acid and polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity of the  allergen in six different cultures was determined in tests on 24 guinea pigs infected  with corynebaсteria. Biological activity was studied in cultures from 36 guinea pigs  infected with M. BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine), M. avium, C. xerosis N  1911, C. ulcerans N 675 and C. bovis, as well as 3 rabbits infected with Corynebacterium xerosis. Results. Comparative testing of five protein precipitation methods was carried out.  When using ammonium sulphate as a precipitant relatively high results were obtained at a salt concentration of 30% and a pH of at least 5.8. More significant protein precipitation occurred at the isoelectric point of sodium chloride at pH 3.9. It  was noted that trichloroacetic acid and sodium hexametaphosphate had insignificant  precipitating properties while there was none with polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity (0.00005 mg in 0.1 ml) and allergen unit of action (0.0003 mg) were  established. Intensity of skin reaction to sensitin homologous to infection was detected. Conclusions. The data obtained revealed the optimal method of protein precipitation, the unit of action of the corynebacterium allergens, and expanded the understanding of the mechanisms of the sensitization of the macro‐organism to tuberculin

USING A GERMICIDAL INSTALLATION TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AT A POULTRY FARM

Aim. The aim is to study the effect of bactericidal installation in combination with a device for creating a water curtain on the microclimate in the poultry house and environment. Methods. Epizootic research was carried out according to "epizootic methodology", FGI «Federal Centre for Animal Health» (FGI «ARRIAH»). Gas composition of air was investigated by means of universal gas-analyzer (UG-2); the content of carbon dioxide was measured by Subbotin-Nagorskiy titrimetric method; the amount of dust in the air was measured by a gravimetric (weight) method. Air humidity was calculated by means of August statistical psychrometer. Evaluation of the microbial contamination of air was carried out using the Krotov’s device. Results. The performed studies before and after the air bactericidal purification in a poultry farm showed a reduction of carbon dioxide and ammonia by 2-2.5 times, the total microbial contamination of air by 1.9 times and the dust by 4.3 times. We found a direct link between the increases in the amount of microbial bodies of air depending on the age of the bird. Thus, after air-cleaning in the poultry house room where they kept 15-d-old chicks, we calculated 5 thousand microbial cells per one m3 found (E.coli), and at the age of 45 days, the level of contamination reached 11 thousand microbial bodies. Conclusion. Research in the poultry house reveals that using bactericidal installation paired with water curtain device can significantly reduce the concentration of gases, dust and microorganisms in the air of the house and decrease the release into the environment, which will undoubtedly have an impact on the ecological situation of the environment, animal and human health