Effect of using Imported and Local Premixes on some Blood Parameters of Broiler

    أجريت هذه الدراسة لبيان تأثير استعمال مخاليط علفية مسبقة التحضير (Premix) خلطت مكوناتها محلياً وبتراكيز مختلفة (واطئ وقياسي وعالٍ) بنوعيه الممتاز (يستعمل في عليقتي البادئ والنامي) والعادي ويستعمل في عليقة الناهي كبديل عن المخلوط الأجنبي (بروفيمي، الممتاز والعادي) ومقارنة تأثيراتها في بعض المعايير الدمية لفروج اللحم.     استعمل في البحث 120 فرخاً من افراخ اللحم من سلالة روز 308 بعمر يوم واحد وزعت عشوائياً على اربع معاملات متساوية  احتوت كل معاملة على 30 فرخاً وبواقع مكررين لكل معاملة (15 فرخاً / مكرر). غذيت الافراخ على علائق التجربة اعتماداً المراحل العمرية للأفراخ (عليقة البادئ والنامي والناهي) والتي خلط فيها 2.5 % من أحد البريمكسات قيد التجريب  وكانت كالاتي :     المعاملة الأولى (T1) خلط فيها البريمكس الأجنبي والمستورد علامة بروفيمي أما المعاملات الأخرى T2 و T3 و T4 فقد خلط فيها علائق البريمكس المحلي الصنع والخلط وبثلاثة تراكيز (واطئ وقياسي وعالٍ) على التوالي،اجرى تكوين العلائق وخلط البريمكسات في معامل اعلاف ومختبر غدير بابل في قضاء المحاويل بأستعمال البرنامج الألكتروني الحديث البيست مكس (Best Mix) اصدار 2018، وفقاً لاحتياجات الطيور سلالة روز 308 بأعتماد الدليل الخاص بها أصدار 2014. جمعت عينات دم من الافراخ من جميع المعاملات بعمر 28 و 33 يوماً لغرض تقدير بعض المعايير الدمية. اشارت نتائج البحث الى وجود اختلافات معنوية (p<0.05) بين المعاملات في تراكيز خضاب الدم وعدد الخلايا اللمفية والبروتين الكلي وكلوكوز الدم وبمعنوية عالية (p<0.01) في تركيزي انزيمات الكبد ALP وAST بينما لم تحصل اختلافات في معايير الدم الاخرى مثل مكداس الدم وعدد الخلايا المتغايرة ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفية.     وسجلت افضل النتائج لصالح T4 (البريمكس المحلي ذو التركيز العالي) في معظم معايير الدم المدروسة لكلا السحبتين (يوم 28 و 33 من عمر الأفراخ)  سواءً الخلوية او الكيموحيوية ثم T1 (البريمكس المستورد البروفيمي)، أما ادنى المستويات المتشابهة فقد تميزت بها T2 و T3 اي البريمكس المحلي ذات التركيز الواطئ والقياسي على التوالي.   This study had been conducted to investigate the effect of using premix that been locally mixed by different concentrations (Low , Standard and high) of excellent quality (used in starter and grower rations) and normal which is used in the finisher as alternative for foreign premix (provimi , excellent and normal) with comparison of their effect on some blood parameters of broilers. Total number of 120, one day old broiler chicks , Ross 308 were allotted randomly on 4 equal treatments , each treatment included 30 chicks and each treatment included 2 replicates (15 chick/ replicate). Chicks fed on rations according to ages of chicks (starter, grower and finisher) in which 2.5 % of one premix added in the experiment which were as follow :      Treatment 1 (T1) in which the foreign premix was mixed as an imported one, provimi. Meanwhile, the other treatments T2 , T3 and T4 in which the local premix was mixed by 3 concentrations (low, standard and high) respectively.     Mixing and preparation of rations was done in Al – Ghadder laboratory and factory in Al – Mahweel/ Babylon by depending on Best mix program, 2018 according to birds requirement, Ross 308 by a special manual 2014. Blood samples were collected from birds at 28 and 33 days in all treatments.         Results revealed significant variations (P<0.05) between treatments in hemoglobin , lymphocyte numbers, total protein and blood glucose with a highly significant effect (P<0.01) for liver enzymes which include AST and ALT.      Meanwhile, there were no variation in other blood parameter such as PCV, numbers of Heterophils  and Heterophils / Lymphocyts ratio.      The best results were recoded for T4 (local premix of high concentrations) in most of studied blood parameters for both two blood collections (28 and 33 days of age of chicks). Which were cellular or biochemical then T1 (provimi imported premix). The lowest similar levels were characterized by T2 and T3 which were local premix, low and standard respectively

COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in patients with cancer and the effect of primary tumour subtype and patient demographics: a prospective cohort study

Background Patients with cancer are purported to have poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, encompassing a spectrum of tumour subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 risk according to tumour subtype and patient demographics in patients with cancer in the UK. Methods We compared adult patients with cancer enrolled in the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP) cohort between March 18 and May 8, 2020, with a parallel non-COVID-19 UK cancer control population from the UK Office for National Statistics (2017 data). The primary outcome of the study was the effect of primary tumour subtype, age, and sex and on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence and the case–fatality rate during hospital admission. We analysed the effect of tumour subtype and patient demographics (age and sex) on prevalence and mortality from COVID-19 using univariable and multivariable models. Findings 319 (30·6%) of 1044 patients in the UKCCMP cohort died, 295 (92·5%) of whom had a cause of death recorded as due to COVID-19. The all-cause case–fatality rate in patients with cancer after SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with increasing age, rising from 0·10 in patients aged 40–49 years to 0·48 in those aged 80 years and older. Patients with haematological malignancies (leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) had a more severe COVID-19 trajectory compared with patients with solid organ tumours (odds ratio [OR] 1·57, 95% CI 1·15–2·15; p<0·0043). Compared with the rest of the UKCCMP cohort, patients with leukaemia showed a significantly increased case–fatality rate (2·25, 1·13–4·57; p=0·023). After correction for age and sex, patients with haematological malignancies who had recent chemotherapy had an increased risk of death during COVID-19-associated hospital admission (OR 2·09, 95% CI 1·09–4·08; p=0·028). Interpretation Patients with cancer with different tumour types have differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 phenotypes. We generated individualised risk tables for patients with cancer, considering age, sex, and tumour subtype. Our results could be useful to assist physicians in informed risk–benefit discussions to explain COVID-19 risk and enable an evidenced-based approach to national social isolation policies