Mortality of Children Under the Age of Five Years Old for the Year 2016 in the Karbala District/Iraq

Background: child mortality is a critical measure of the wellbeing of children and a good proxy indicator of the overall level of development. Many studies showed a substantial increase in childhood mortality in Iraq during the last decade of 20th century as a direct effect of sanctions imposed and the effect of war conflicts. Aims: to describe the associated factors of child mortality during the year 2016 in the Karbala district. Study design: the study is a retrospective descriptive study, sample study is convenience sample consist of (394) a death case. Setting: the study was conducted in office of births and deaths and children's educational hospital - statistics unit / Karbala health directorate. Period: the data collection was carried out from 15th October to 15th November, 2017. Results: the results indicated that most of the study sample were at the age group (less than month), males, causes of death (septicemia, birth defect, neurological diseases, heart disease), months year (January, December, February). Conclusions: the findings show that highly significant difference between causes of death and age groups, but the relationships with gender variable was accounted with no significant difference. Recommendations: the most important recommendation of the study is to establish a real policy by the institutions, health centers and hospitals in the period of birth to be preventive and therapeutic and the main goal is to reduce premature deaths that can be avoided by intensive care. Keywords: Mortality, Children, Age, death

The Effect of Some Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Iraqi Patients with Renal Failure

Background: Renal failure occur when the kidneys are unable to bring out the body's metabolic wastes or proceed their regulatory assignment. Objective The study was designed to compere some biochemical and hematological parameters in patents with renal failure and control group. Patients and materials: A case-control study was conducted from September 2018 t0 April 2019 on patients attending the artificial Kidney Unit in Al-Hussein Hospital in holy Karbala Governorate. A total of fifty known cases of renal failure and fifty health persons were selected. Blood samples were taken from both (patients and control) to estimate biochemical and hematological parameters by using specific methods. Results: the results of this study found the high increase (P˂0.05) in concentration of blood urea, serum creatinine, and calcium levels, a significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in (Hb) and (PCV) in patients while (ESR) rate were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in these patients when compared to healthy control. Conclusion: In this study conclude that the biochemical parameters are more efficient than hematological parameters in follow-up cases of patients with renal failure. Keywords: Renal failure, parameters, Urea, Creatinine, Calcium. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-14-04 Publication date:July 31st 202

Assessment of psychosocial status and spiritual beliefs of a sample of infertile men in Baghdad City/Iraq

Background: Infertility is considered one of the most important marital problems which may lead to separation between spouses, especially in male societies either by the request of the wife or negatively effect on the man's psyche, and in this case, the man initiates to terminate the married life, away from the painful situation he suffers. Objective: This cross-sectional descriptive study aims to identify the infertile men's personal-demographic characteristics, in addition to determine the psychosocial status and spiritual beliefs. Materials and Methods: The study consists of 150 patients selected randomly from the fertility center and infertility treatment/Kamal Al-Samurai hospital in Baghdad city, the data were collected by direct interview with those patients by using a questionnaire. Results: Most of the infertile men were at age group (20–30) years, duration of marriage (1–5 years), had primary infertility. As overall assessment, the study stated that the majority of the sample was in fair psychological condition, good social condition, and spiritual beliefs in good condition. In addition, the results show that no significant difference between some personal-demographical characteristics (age husband, duration of marriage, type of infertility, husband occupation, residential area, degree of relationship, smoking habit, take of medicines, chronic diseases, and erectile dysfunction) with psychological and social status. Conclusions: The problem of infertility is one of the most difficult problems facing newly married couples that cause negative psychological and social effects