ROLE OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF CARDIAC MEASURES AND DECLINING OF COMORBIDITIES.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) can prevent many non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The present study aimed to assess the health benefits of physical activities including blood pressure and comorbid conditions. Methodology: This is a prospective cohort case-control study that recruited 300 Saudi volunteers living in the city ofHail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Results: Out of 300 participants 155(51.7%) were males and 145 (48.3%) were females. There were 111(37%) participants committed to regular physical activity and the remaining 189(63%) without a defined commitment to physical activity (Uncommitted). Among 111 persons who claimed a commitment to regular physical activity (committed), 61(55%) were males and 50(45%) were females. The majority of committed individuals were at the age group 21-25 years followed by age group 26-30 and 31-35 years representing 32, 30, and 20 persons, respectively. The physical activity was highly practiced at the age range 21-30 years and this was found to be statistically significant P < 0.001. Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of physical activity in Hail region, particularly among females, which necessitates the suggestion of appropriate awareness programs. Younger and elder populations are in much need to be targeted with PA awareness programs

Systematic Review in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia for The Role of Prostatic Arterial Embolization

This study aimed at reviewing the role of Prostatic Arterial Embolization (PAE) as a new treatment producer for patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The study reviewed the recent researches of  Prostatic Arterial Embolization (PAE) as a new treatment technique and concluded that the initial reported results of PAE seem promising, mainly during the first 12 months after treatment. However, no comparison was made to medical therapy or surgical therapies. Overlapping patient data and reporting bias could not be excluded. None of the included studies performed a power analysis. Also, a relatively small number of patients are treated with a short follow-up period. Therefore, more studies are needed with more patients and longer periods of follow-up, compared with standard medical and surgical therapies, to assess whether PAE is an effective and safe alternative treatment for BPH

Efficacy Of Digital Operating Room Technology , Role Of Nursing, Anesthesia And Radiology Team In OR Safety

Nowadays, operating rooms (ORs) are inefficient and overcrowded, and the turnover between cases is frequently lengthy and varied. In addition, the turnover rate is not consistent. The introduction of new technologies and devices into an environment that is already technologically complex is frequently done in a completely random manner. Both the data and photographs pertaining to patients are not integrated effectively or displayed in a timely manner. The system is put under additional strain as a result of the lack of integration of technology and information, which leads to further decreases in both efficiency and effectiveness. As a consequence, this may have an effect on the prices and the safety of patients. In order to improve efficiency, enhance safety, and lower the cost of care, it is vital to strengthen the integration of high technology, as well as to engage in teamwork, improve communication and coordination among services, providers, and personnel. Despite the fact that these daily realities are present, the conventional operating room is undergoing a transformation as a result of the introduction of new technology and paradigms into the clinical setting. Nursing, anesthesia and radiology team play a very important role in OR safety, as they form an excellent team in all aspects of collaboration

Experiences of Family members of people with Parkinson’s Disease

Background: The people who are close to someone who has Parkinson\u27s disease play a vital role in their everyday lives. It is crucial to support the patient\u27s family members in providing care, adjust to their situation, and make psychosocial adjustments. Objective: This study aimed to find and then compile family carers\u27 accounts of caring for Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) patients. Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe the role that family members play in providing daily care for a family member who has Parkinson\u27s disease and to investigate how family members perceive this role. Conclusion: The themes represented many facets of the lives of family carers impacted by providing care for a member with Parkinson\u27s disease (PD), and these pose questions for oversimplified notions of family caregiving and suitable support networks. The results also point to a number of suggestions for clinical practice

Roles of Health Informatics in Infection Control and Prevention, as well as Nursing Roles in Droplet Precaution Adherence

Microorganisms can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets, and airborne transmission. These are the three main modes of transmission. When it comes to preventing infections in hospitals, having knowledge of standard measures and always following them is absolutely necessary. Because of the fact that they are responsible for a significant share of the treatment and care that patients get, nurses and informatics teams play an important part in the prevention and management of hospital infections. Consequently, there should be an effort made to improve the perspectives that nurses have of the fundamental components of standard precautions. However, the findings indicated that the level of compliance with standard safeguards was somewhere in the middle. It is clear from this that it is required to take the necessary steps in order to increase the level of compliance. However, the findings indicated that the level of compliance with standard safeguards was somewhere in the middle. It is clear from this that it is required to take the necessary steps in order to increase the level of compliance

Prevalence of Endocrine Disorders Among Down Syndrome Individuals in Ksa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of endocrine disorders among individuals with Down Syndrome in KSA. Methods: This research employs a cross-sectional study design to investigate the prevalence of endocrine disorders among individuals with Down Syndrome in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A cross-sectional approach allows us to collect data at a single point in time from a diverse group of participants, providing a snapshot of the prevalence and characteristics of endocrine disorders within the study population. Results: The study included 686 participants. The participants asked if they had a child with Down syndrome. Most of them answered no (n= 576, 84%) followed by yes (n= 110, 16%). The most frequent child age who has Down syndrome among study participants was 7-10 years (n= 45, 40.9%) followed by 3-6 years (n= 30, 27.3%). The most frequent child gender who has Down syndrome among study participants was female (n= 57, 51.8%) followed by male (n= 53, 48.2%). Father's educational level among study participants with most of them having a university (n= 82, 74.5%). Mother's educational level among study participants with most of them having a university (n= 77, 70%). Participants were asked if there was a first-degree relationship between the parents. There 55 had a first-degree relationship with (50%), and 55 didn’t have a first-degree relationship between parents with (50%). Participants were asked the female about two diseases polycystic ovary disease there were 12 had it (10.9%), 62 didn’t have it (56.4%), and the second disease was Turner syndrome 22 had it (20%) and 53 participants didn’t have it (47.3%). Conclusion: Study results showed that most of the study participants don’t have Down Syndrome according to the parent's answers. Half of the participants have a first-degree relationship between their parents. The most educational level for parents was the university

Using CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Methods to Create Novel Diagnostic Exams

In order to monitor the spread of diseases globally, diagnostic testing is essential. It consists of three main stages: detection, analysis, and outcomes. The diagnosis of many infectious diseases is based on symptoms, which can frequently overlap between infections and result in incorrect diagnoses. For many illnesses, conventional antibody testing is quite slow and not particularly economical. Using blood or urine samples from patients, CRISPR-based diagnostics could detect the disease-specific DNA sequences in less than a day. The type of disease might then be quickly identified using this data, and the appropriate course of treatment could be started. There is currently a CRISPR-based influenza diagnostic available. Research has shown that Cas9 is useful in differentiating between the virus\u27s strains. The next stage would be to modify this test to make it easier to use than the PCR techniques that are now in use. As a result of the flu\u27s symptoms\u27 resemblance to those of other respiratory illnesses, misdiagnosis rates of influenza would decline. The traditional ways of diagnosing different diseases are covered in this literature review, along with an analysis of how CRISPR technology can improve the detection of tests that are now on the market. This review focuses on non-communicable diseases (diabetes and cancer) and communicable diseases (dengue, influenza, and HIV) using data and research that is already available. Novel approaches in the field of molecular diagnostics have been introduced as a result of recent developments in the genomic sciences. The application of CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-based gene editing to the development of quick, inexpensive, and extremely sensitive diagnostic tests for the identification of communicable and non-communicable diseases is one of the most promising future directions. The way diagnostic tests are performed could be completely changed by CRISPR technology, creating a whole new set of opportunities that the world\u27s health desperately needs

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Emphasis may be Placed on New Developments in MRI Techniques, such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) or Dynamic Contrast-Enhancing MRI (DCE-MRI)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical diagnostics by providing detailed images of soft tissues without using ionizing radiation. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on advancing MRI techniques to enhance both anatomical and functional imaging capabilities. Two notable developments are **functional MRI (fMRI)** and **dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) Functional MRI (fMRI) - Principles: fMRI detects changes in blood flow associated with neural activity. It relies on the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. - Applications: - Brain mapping: Identifying regions responsible for motor, language, and memory functions. - Cognitive neuroscience: Investigating brain processes during tasks. - Neurological disorders: Assisting in epilepsy surgery planning and tumor localization. - Challenges: Addressing spatial and temporal resolution limitations and minimizing motion artifacts. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) - Mechanism: DCE-MRI uses gadolinium-based contrast agents to assess tissue vascularity and permeability. - Clinical Applications: - Brain tumors: Characterizing neoplastic lesions and predicting treatment response. - Head and neck cancer: Early recurrence detection and treatment guidance. - Quantitative Analysis: Efforts toward standardization and refinement continue

A Systemic Review of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults and the Clinical Management of Diagnosis and Treatment

Iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anaemia worldwide. It impairs quality of life, increases asthenia and can lead to clinical worsening of patients. In addition, iron deficiency has a complex mechanism whose pathologic pathway is recently becoming better understood. The discovery of hepcidin has allowed a better clarification of iron metabolism regulation. Furthermore, the ratio of concentration of soluble transferrin receptor to the log of the ferritin level, has been developed as a tool to detect iron deficiency in most situations. Therefore, the problem of this research lies in exploring the cause of iron deficiency that always be sought because the underlying condition can be serious. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding diagnostic algorithms for iron deficiency anemia. The majority of aetiologies occur in the digestive tract, and justify morphological examination of the gut. First line investigations are upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, and when negative, the small bowel should be explored; newer tools such as video capsule endoscopy have also been developed. The treatment of iron deficiency is aetiological if possible and iron supplementation whether in oral or in parenteral form

Clinical epidemiology of venous thromboembolic disease: An institutional registry

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health concern, with an annual incidence of ~1 in 1,000. The epidemiology of VTE in Saudi Arabia has not been adequately described yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methods, management, and clinical outcomes of patients with VTE.MethodsThis study was based on a VTE registry created over ten years at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All adult inpatients and outpatients referred to the thrombosis unit of the KFMC with clinically suspected VTE including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were enrolled. Data were collected using a standardized case report form, which included demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic methods, management, and outcomes.ResultsA total of 1,008 patients were recruited. Most patients were women (73.2%), and more than half of all patients had unprovoked VTE (58%). Among the provoked cases, the most frequent cause was surgery (29.8%), followed by hospitalization (24.2%). There was a significant statistical association between provoked status and sex, family history of VTE, smoking, recent hospitalization within 3 months for a medical condition, the site of VTE, and underlying peripheral vascular disease and varicose veins (all p &lt; 0.05). The majority (88.3%) of patients with deep vein thrombosis was hospitalized for ≤3 days (n = 433, 79.9%), while fewer than half of the patients with PE needed hospitalization (45.3%). Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 14.1% (n = 142) of patients, and catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed in 1.0% (n = 10) of patients. The odds of mortality for provoked VTE were 3.20 times higher than those of unprovoked VTE [2.12–4.83; p-value &lt; 0.001].ConclusionUnprovoked VTE was more common than provoked VTE in the Saudi Arabian cohort, implying hereditary predisposition. Furthermore, male sex, family history of VTE, prior history of VTE, type of VTE, underlying obesity, history of trauma, surgery, hospitalization, pregnancy, and 3–6 months of anticoagulation therapy were the most critical risk factors for VTE recurrence. The treatment patterns and clinical results were comparable to those reported in the literature