Memenuhi keperluan pelajar di universiti awam Malaysia: Aspek pendapatan dan perbelanjaan

Persuing education at institutions of higher education today constitutes an economic, social and personal requirement.There are various advantages associated with investment for this purpose either by the individual student, family, or the society.However, the current higher education scenario requires not only the direct contributions from the government but students and their families too should also make direct contribution to the cost of higher education.Therefore, it is important for all parties to conscientiously review the sources of funding that can cover students’ requirements while they were at the institutions of higher education. Funding may come from various sources such as scholarships, subsidy or grants, loans from various sources, contributions from parents and families, income earned by the students who engaged in full-time or part-time jobs during their course of study, and also from students’ savings.In addition, there are various costs associated with higher education.Other than indirect costs such as the loss of students’ income during their study period, other direct costs normally borned by the students include tuition fees and living costs.Study findings from three public institutions of higher education showed differences among student groups not only in terms of the total expenditure but also from the priorities given to various categories of expenditure

Saiz sektor awam di Malaysia semenjak Dasar Ekonomi Baru

Since the implementation of the New Economic Policy in 1971, the Malaysian government has become an active player in the economy.This article will discuss the increase in the size of the public sector in Malaysia from 1970 until 2000 using a descriptive approach. The variables discussed are expenditure, revenue and employment in the public sector.Through these variables, comparison of the size of the public sector can be made between Malaysia and that of several developed and ASEAN countries.This will enable the society to judge whether the size of the Malaysian public sector is too small or too large and to determine the optimum size by considering various characteristics and current needs of the society.Despite the government’s encouragement on liberalization of the economic activities, it was noted that the Keynesian approach continued to be accepted and implemented in this country

Study on Ferum (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) removal by using rice bran at Sungai Pelepah, Kota Tinggi, Johor

Water pollution due to heavy metals is currently occurring at Sungai Pelepah, Kota Tinggi. Adsorption method is one of the most low cost effective methods to overcome this pollution problem compared to the other available methods for example, duckweed, orange peels, tea leaves, coconut shell and many more in heavy metals removal. In this study, rice bran was used as a low cost adsorbent. Rice bran is the outer layer of a grain of rice. Rice bran is an agricultural waste material generated in rice producing during milling process. It is an economical product and could easily to be obtained. Therefore, three objectives were selected for this study which is to determine the possibility of using rice bran as an adsorbent in heavy metals removal, to determine the characteristics of rice bran as an adsorbent and to identi@ the water quality of Sungai Pelepah after the treatment. The water samples were collected at Sungai Pelepah and the rice bran was collected at rice-milling factory. Three batch reactors consist of Reactor A (water sample with common activated carbon as adsorbent), Reactor B (water sample with rice bran as adsorbent) and Reactor C (conk01 reactor). The batch reactors were conducted in the environmental laboratory, UTHM. As expected that rice bran could remove the heavy metals fiom the water sample as well as other adsorbents. The largest removal of Zinc (Zn) is 91.1% at 90 minutes and the largest Iron re) removal is 73.0% with duration 90 minutes. As a conclusion, rice bran could be one of the low cost and effective adsorbent to be used in large amount operation of water treatment

Issues and Challenges of Transition to e-Voting Technology in Nigeria

For over a decade of democratic experimentation in Nigeria, political leaders have been emerged through supposedly free and fair elections. Election as an essential component of democratization process remains weak and undeveloped in the country with the biggest challenges of transparent voting system. Consequent to the dilemma and in the quest for effective system of voting, policy makers in Nigeria begin to advocate for e-voting adoption as an alternative to lack of transparency, loss of confidence and trust in electoral process and other electoral related problems that encapsulated Nigerian voting system. Countries across the globe are increasingly exploring electronic voting and counting technologies as a viable alternative to traditional ballot paper method of voting that is criticized of being vulnerable to human related errors and manipulations. Various factors account for the reasons for e-voting adoption by different societies. However, general paucity of literature on challenges affecting e-voting adoption in developing democracies such as Nigeria is evident. While the challenges are enormous, critical appraisal of the challenges is strategic to sustainable e-voting adoption. Understanding implications of these factors would abound policy makers and democratic practitioners wherewithal to effectively commit to acceptable yet reliable voting system. This paper examined challenges that affect transition to e-voting adoption in Nigeria and recommended way forward. Keyword: Election, e-voting adoption, domain specific, Independent National Electoral Commission, Nigeria

Bureaucratic Quality and Institution Building in Nigeria (An Appraisal of the Activities of Universal Basic Education)

The paper examines qualitiesof bureaucracy thattransformed  growth and development and the problems associated with institution building in Nigeria. Modern bureaucracy has qualities that transform the economy as engine of growth and development such as merit system but in Nigeria the quality of bureaucracy is very low leading to weak institution as well as vicious policy circle. The paper relied on interviews conducted with the stakeholder of Universal Basic Education and secondary data such as news papers, text books and journals. The findings revealed inherent problems associated with the institution such as lack of autonomy,appointment is not based on merit, poor remuneration, poor working condition are some of theproblems  that create  weak institution in Nigeria. The paper recommends increase in motivation as well as improve working condition in order to achieved policy objectives. Keywords: Institution; State; Bureaucracy & Developmen

Overcoming human barrier as a measure towards improved knowledge management

Knowledge management involves delivering of information to a person or a set of people, which necessitates two or more people communicating directly face to face, indirectly or in a virtual environment. Human barrier in this paper refers to sexual harassment behaviors that are unwanted and unwelcome that occurs in the form of verbal, non verbal, physical and visual actions among workers at workplace.It acts a as communication barrier to knowledge sharing, which works best when the people who generate and exchange knowledge, maintain good relation among workers. In this paper, the findings on sexual harassment perception, experience and complain mechanisms based on quantitative and qualitative study among Malaysian public sector administrators will be discussed in relation to the worker relationship that is needed for the exchange of knowledge in the organization.Finally the paper outlines strategies to overcome sexual harassment at workplace, as knowledge is of little use unless it is distributed, mediated and shared for the benefited of the organization

The impact of monitoring in institution building in Nigeria: Analysis of basic education delivery in Nigeria

The study examines the impacts of monitoring in the development of Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Nigeria.There is need for proper monitoring of funds disbursed to the State Universal Basic Education Boards as well as Local Government Education Authority for the success of UBE.Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 respondents ranging from school administrators, Parent Teachers Association, Nongovernmental organizations and Nigerian union of teachers. Secondary data were source from the journals, text books and newspapers.The findings revealed that the commission is given powers to audit and examine the financial records of the SUBEBs by checking their receipts and expenditure of the accessed FGN-UBE intervention but it seem that the program is living a lot of issues untouched leading to corruption, mismanagement of funds as well under utilization of UBE. The paper suggests proper monitoring of funds allocated to the commission as well as commitment of government toward realization of education for all by the year 2015

Governance and youth development: Experiences of the village development and security committees

Youth is the main driving force of development. They should be given the opportunity to voice their opinions and engaged in policy making decisions.As one of the stakeholders, they need to be involved in governance at some levels of the nation’s administration, not only to meet the needs of development in accordance with their wishes but also to prepare them as future leaders of the country.Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the extent of the opportunity to engage youth in decision-making processes at the grassroots level of the Village Development and Security Committee (JKKK) and also the awareness of JKKK members on youth’s involvement in decision making.Data was gathered by distributing 752 questionnaires to JKKK in Peninsular Malaysia.Descriptive statistics were used to report on the findings.The findings show a moderate involvement of youth in JKKK and high levels of awareness among the respondents regarding the need for youth involvement in decision-making

Malaysian law of youth development in global challenges

49% of the total numbers of citizens of Malaysia are under the category of youth which is equivalent to 13.74 million people.Therefore, their contribution to the nation in education, economy, politics, social and governance are very significant. There is dilemma in defining legal age of youth not only in Malaysia but in global scenario, the issue of their awareness in youth development law and youth legal rights which are not documented in the statute.In light of the above gap, this paper examines and analyses legal challenges of current and future challenges of youth development law in Malaysia.This study adopts two approaches i.e. quantitative and qualitative approaches. For quantitative approach, an exploratory (socio-legal) survey technique using questionnaire has been conducted among youth in Malaysia to investigate their awareness in relations to law of youth development.The descriptive analysis is to describe level of youth awareness in relation to youth development law and the analytical analysis is to investigate deeply, and evaluate every aspect of legal provisions with regard to youth law.It is suggested that the Malaysian government should amend the definition of youth according to the international standard, initiate more programmers to increase the awareness of youth regarding the law and give a consideration to insert provision of youth rights in the Act

Enforcement status of the poison act 1952 against offences related to kratom (Mitragyna speciosa korth) misuse in Malaysia

The kratom story in Malaysia is a bit intricate. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) or by the local name ketum is a local plant where ‘mitragynine’ (alkaloid in kratom leaves) is listed as a psychotropic substance under the Malaysian Poison Act 1952. The law states that any activity related to possessing, selling, using, transporting, processing, importing, or exporting kratom is considered illegal and can be prosecuted. Interestingly, kratom trees are not illegal plants and no laws in Malaysia forbid the cultivation or the presence of naturally growing kratom. On the prosecution side, the current laws do little to prosecute kratom addicts for rehabilitation due to no available kratom test kits which can assist the enforcement agency to arrest and prosecute kratom addicts. Therefore, the enforcement of law on kratom has been largely applied for transporting, processing and selling. Though the Poison Act cannot stop anyone who wants to plant or grow kratom, there are land laws that prohibit the plantation of kratom on land specified for agricultural purpose, adding a tricky situation to the present circumstances related to kratom. In pharmacology, there is research and demand for the development of kratom, and demands from international pharmaceutical companies for kratom had created an illegal rational economic exploitation of Malaysia’s kratom by individuals, resulting in more intricacies to the existing complication. This paper intended to discuss the legal status of kratom in Malaysia which we believe is facing its crossroad. The paper used the rational approach of economic and criminologyarguments to establish kratom offences in the northern states of Malaysia, thus offering a review of the current state-of-affair. Police statistics and data on kratom offences were then presented to discuss the current status and its implication