Management of Major Trauma and the Role of Interventional Radiology

This study aimed at exploring the management of major trauma and analyzing the role of interventional radiology for major trauma patients. As there are no prospective randomized controlled trials of interventional radiology in major trauma. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the evidence supporting the use of interventional radiological techniques in the management of major trauma. The study concluded that interventional radiology has become an essential part of the modern trauma unit. Roles in pelvic haemorrhage and aortic injury are now well established and have contributed to improving patient survival and reducing long-term morbidity

Levels, solid-phase fractions and sources of heavy metals at site received industrial effluents: a case study

Heavy metals in the site received industrial effluents were investigated to assess the pollution levels, distribution of metal among solid-phase fractions and possible metal sources. The soil samples at different depths of 0–5, 5–25 and 25–50 cm were collected and analyzed for Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb. Among all metals, Cd content was not detected in all soil samples. The average contents of Pb and Zn are higher than the corresponding values of common range in earth crust. Meanwhile, the maximum contents of Cu and Zn are higher than those of Dutch optimum value but lower that the Dutch protection act target value. The maximum contents of Cu, Pb and Zn are higher than the average shale value. The most investigated heavy metals are mostly found in the potentially labile pool (>50.0%) including metal bound to carbonate, Fe/Mn oxides, or organically fractions. Enrichment factor (EF) in combination with multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggest that Mn and Ni associated with Fe in the soil samples were primarily originated from lithogenic sources. Pb was largely derived only from anthropogenic source, while Cu and Zn in the soil samples were controlled by the mixed natural and anthropogenic sources. These results suggest that discharging the industrial effluents into dumping site increased pollution level of Pb, Zn and Cu as well as enhanced their potentially labile pool that may be responsible for occurring potential toxic impacts on environmental quality

Variations in composition and stability of biochars derived from different feedstock types at varying pyrolysis temperature

Feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature primarily affect the properties of resultant biochar. Therefore, the effects of several different feedstock types and various pyrolysis temperatures on structural, chemical, proximate, morphological, and elemental compositional characteristics of the resultant biochars were explored. Nine types of wastes (date palm fiber waste (DF), date palm leaf waste (DL), date palm petiole waste (DP), tomato plant waste (TM), cucumber plant waste (CC), poultry litter (PL), chicken feather waste (CH), cow dung (CD), and conocarpus waste (CN) were collected and pyrolyzed at varying temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C) to produce different types of biochar, which were subjected to physio-chemical, proximate, and ultimate analyses. Distinctive variations were observed in the characteristics of the used feedstock types and their derived biochars. The biochars derived from CC exhibited the highest pH (8.41–11.02), while the biochars derived from CH demonstrated the minimum pH (7.99–8.40). Overall, the biochars derived from PL, CC, TM, and DL showed higher contents of C as compared to the other biochars, suggesting higher stability. Contrarily, the biochars derived from CH and CD exhibited a higher labile C fraction, indicating its lower recalcitrance than other tested biochars. The biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures showed a comparatively amorphous surface with lower alkalinity and electrical conductivity, while higher moisture, net negative charge, labile carbon, and volatile contents. Contrarily, the higher pyrolysis temperature demonstrated the higher ash and fixed carbon contents with more surface porosity and comparatively higher non-labile carbon fraction. Biochar produced at 600 °C exhibited H/C and O/C atomic ratios of <0.2, suggesting higher stability and recalcitrant potential against biochars produced below 500 °C, which showed H/C and O/C atomic ratios in the range of 0.2–0.4

The Nexus between Workplace Exposure for Wood, Welding, Motor Mechanic, and Oil Refinery Workers and the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Workplace exposure in various occupational and industrial sectors is an emerging health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the nexus between workplace exposure for wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers and the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Initially, 2500 male volunteers who were wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers were interviewed. After an examination of their demographics and medical history, 1408 non-smoking wood (158), welding (560), motor mechanic (272), and oil refinery workers (217), along with 201 control subjects, were selected. The participants&rsquo; mean age was 36.59 &plusmn; 0.29 years and the mean body mass index was 26.14 &plusmn; 0.11 kg/m2. The selected industry workers had been exposed to their respective wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workplaces for 8 h per day, six days per week. The American Diabetic Association (ADA)-based glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) criterion was used to diagnose prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects with an HbA1c of less than 5.7% were regarded as non-diabetics, subjects with an HbA1c of 5.7%&ndash;6.4% were considered prediabetics, and subjects with an HbA1c of more than 6.4% were considered diabetics. In wood industry workers, the prevalence of prediabetes (PD) was 64 (40.50%) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it was 21 (13.29%); in welding workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 261 (46.60%), and for T2DM, it was 90 (16.07%); in motor mechanic workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 110 (40.44%), and for T2DM, it was 126 (46.32%); and in oil refinery workers, the prevalence of prediabetes was 80 (36.86%), and for T2DM, it was 35 (16.12%). However; the combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery workers was 421 (34.79%) and 515 (42.66%), respectively. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among workers increased with the duration of working exposure in the wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery industries. A one-year working exposure in these industries caused an increase of 0.03% in HbA1c. Workplace exposure in wood, welding, motor mechanic, and oil refinery industries increased the risk of prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM among the workers and affected the diabetes etiology

OVERVIEW ON PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG ADULT OBESE PATIENTS

Obesity and depression are both common public health problems, however research on their association is conflicting. Some evidence point to strong links between depression and obesity, as well as the linked prevalence of both conditions. Depression is becoming more common, which predisposes people to considerable functional impairment as well as an increased risk of suicide and concomitant physical health problems. BMI and depression are thought to be related; however, the impacts of depression on body image have not been established from the standpoint of socioeconomic position, which has been regarded a key risk factor for the development of depression. Many epidemiological studies, clinical studies, and meta-analyses support the link between mood disorders and obesity in relation to various conditions such as depression severity, obesity severity, gender, socioeconomic status, genetic susceptibility, environmental influences, and adverse experiences. Immune and endocrine systems, as well as psychological and social factors, are thought to be involved in the two illnesses. As a result, the study was developed to assess the prevalence of depression in adult obese individuals

The Intersection of Health Rehabilitation Services with Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Needs

Quality of life (QoL) is essential for maintaining a healthy, balanced lifestyle, especially among individuals with chronic diseases. Saudi Arabia (SA) launched a health sector transformation program as part of the nationwide Vision 2030 initiative to ensure the sustainable development of efficient healthcare services, aiming to improve health by increasing well-being and QoL. More investigation into the current status of health rehabilitation services provided to individuals with chronic diseases and future needs to optimize services and improve QoL is needed. This was narratively discussed by experts from different health rehabilitation services in SA. Comprehensive health rehabilitation services including orthopedic, occupational, cardiac, pulmonary, critical care, perioperative, hearing and speech, substance use disorders, and vocational rehabilitation services were addressed. Health rehabilitation services in SA, as in other countries, are suboptimal for individuals in health rehabilitation programs. To optimize the QoL of individuals with chronic diseases, health rehabilitation services should be tailored based on the unique requirements of each service and its serving patients. The shared need to improve health rehabilitation services includes the adoption of home-based and telehealth services, the integration of multi-governmental sectors, the empowerment and allocation of health rehabilitation specialists, public awareness campaigns, policy legislation and guideline development, and the implementation of a long-term follow-up system. This review is one of the first to address the intersection of health rehabilitation services and QoL in SA; urgent and holistic actions are paramount to address the pressing need to optimize SA’s health rehabilitation services. The experts’ recommendations in this study may be applicable to other countries’ health systems, as health rehabilitation services are not well optimized globally

The Intersection of Health Rehabilitation Services with Quality of Life in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Needs

Quality of life (QoL) is essential for maintaining a healthy, balanced lifestyle, especially among individuals with chronic diseases. Saudi Arabia (SA) launched a health sector transformation program as part of the nationwide Vision 2030 initiative to ensure the sustainable development of efficient healthcare services, aiming to improve health by increasing well-being and QoL. More investigation into the current status of health rehabilitation services provided to individuals with chronic diseases and future needs to optimize services and improve QoL is needed. This was narratively discussed by experts from different health rehabilitation services in SA. Comprehensive health rehabilitation services including orthopedic, occupational, cardiac, pulmonary, critical care, perioperative, hearing and speech, substance use disorders, and vocational rehabilitation services were addressed. Health rehabilitation services in SA, as in other countries, are suboptimal for individuals in health rehabilitation programs. To optimize the QoL of individuals with chronic diseases, health rehabilitation services should be tailored based on the unique requirements of each service and its serving patients. The shared need to improve health rehabilitation services includes the adoption of home-based and telehealth services, the integration of multi-governmental sectors, the empowerment and allocation of health rehabilitation specialists, public awareness campaigns, policy legislation and guideline development, and the implementation of a long-term follow-up system. This review is one of the first to address the intersection of health rehabilitation services and QoL in SA; urgent and holistic actions are paramount to address the pressing need to optimize SA&rsquo;s health rehabilitation services. The experts&rsquo; recommendations in this study may be applicable to other countries&rsquo; health systems, as health rehabilitation services are not well optimized globally