EHRs at King Fahad Specialist Hospital : an overview of professionals' perspectives on the use of biometric patient identification for privacy and confidentiality, taking into consideration culture and religion : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Information Science, Massey University, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is focused on expanding use of biometric technologies and it is a matter of time before this expansion includes medical institutions. However there is a lack of research on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in Saudi Arabian hospitals, especially on the staff views and attitudes in relation to confidentiality, privacy, and security policies in the context of Saudi society, which is governed largely by culture and Islam. This research utilised an online survey tool to ask doctors, managers, and IT professionals, at the King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH) about these aspects and explored if they recommend the classic non-biometric access method over the rather intrusive, yet more advanced, biometric patient identification (BPI) technology. Encouragingly, all the participants recommended BPI methods with the least favoured method being the facial recognition method for Saudi female patients. This study also focused on whether staff believed that religious and cultural issues influence EHR privacy and confidentiality, as the literature showed that in certain cases unauthorised revelation of an EHR could lead to honorary killing of the patient. Implications of this research include the need for comprehensive staff training on being culturally aware, as well as training on EHR security policy, privacy, and confidentiality

Erosion-corrosion maps for carbon steel in crude oil/water slurries : impact angle and applied potential effects

In studies of erosion-corrosion, there have been few investigations into the effect of tribological issues, such as particle impact and impact angle, on erosion-corrosion of materials in oil field production. Despite this fact, erosion-corrosion in such environments is a major issue. In such conditions, it is important to define regimes where the effect of lubricating oil may modify the erosion properties of the materials. In this study, the combined effects of erosion and corrosion were investigated in three environments, crude oil (high API gravity 52), reservoir water, and 20% reservoir water with crude oil at a range of applied potentials. Erosion-corrosion maps were constructed, based on the results, showing the change in mechanisms and wastage rates as a function of impact angle and applied potential. Regimes of erosion-corrosion were described on such maps using such an approach. From this work, it can be seen that the corrosion contribution was increased with an increase in the percentage of reservoir water. In the crude oil environment, it was shown that the erosion contribution (Ke) was generally higher than that for corrosion suggesting that corrosion was reduced in crude oil. The results are interpreted in terms of the effect of the crude oil environment in modifying the impact properties of the particles therefore providing surprising resistance to particle impacts in nominally aggressive corrosion environments

Design and performance assessment for a novel friction smoke generator : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Chemical and Bioprocessing at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Figures 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.11, 2.14, 2.15 & 2.16 have been removed for copyright reasons but may be accessed via their source listed in the References.Friction is one of the methods used to generate smoke for food smoking applications. The method involves pressing a plank of wood against a spinning wheel, roughened to provide frictional heating. The heating raises the interface temperature above 240 °C, where smouldering occurs. The primary objective of this project was to understand the dynamics of a novel friction smoke generator, designed in a prior project, but optimised here. Subobjectives included understanding the frictional system and its thermodynamic behaviour, and preliminary attempts to define the composition of the smoke. The novel aspect of the design is supplementary heating additional to the heat generated by friction. This means the interface temperature is less dependent on frictional heating. A system control strategy was developed to control temperature and force. Twenty seven experiments were carried out. Nine of them investigated the smouldering limits without supplementary heating for various pressing forces and sliding speeds. The other twelve runs were conducted with supplementary heating for 100, 150 and 200 ˚C and various forces at constant sliding speed. The last six experiments were selected runs from the previous experiments where smoke was collected for composition analysis. With no supplementary heating, pyrolysis takes place when the pressing force is ≥49.1 N and the wheel speed is at ≥2500 rpm. These conditions generate interfacial temperatures within the pyrolysis range. When the system was heated, the limit where smouldering starts when 9.81 N and 200 ˚C were applied. Two significant results were obtained. First, the progression of smouldering, resulted in a low and high wear rate of wood. The shift between these is proposed to be an endothermic to exothermic transition. Second, the time to reach this shift is a function of the pressing force and system temperature, becoming instantaneous at 200°C for forces > 29.4 N. These allowed insight to be gained into the dynamics of heat and mass transfer during friction smoking. The smoke composition analysis indicates that controlling the volatiles formation is highly achievable by varying the smoking conditions (i.e. auxiliary heat, pressing force). The current design has some limitations, which include uncertainties in the conversion of electrical to mechanical power, vibration of the wood plank, conduction along the motor shaft and ingress of air. Recommendations are to address these by placing a thermal break on the shaft, preventing ambient air ingress into the chamber and adding a torque transducer. Further study is also recommended on the roughness and design of the friction wheel, and on scale up