Comparative In vitro study of antimicrobial activities of flower and whole plant of Jasminum officinale against some human pathogenic microbes

Jasminum officinale Linn. (Chameli / Yasmine; Oleaceae), is native to temperate region and cultivated in France, Italy, China, India and Pakistan. Plant is documented to possess beneficial effect in impotence, menstrual disorder, mental depression, analgesic, antispasmodic galactogogue, antiseptic and skin disease etc,. Although, previous studies have documented the antimicrobial study of this plant, while, this work is designated to evaluate and compare the specific antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts (methanol, DCM) of the flowers and whole plant (leaves, barks and roots), in order to know the best extract and plant part having the beneficial activity against specific microorganisms. In-vitro, antimicrobial tests were performed by adopting disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria species of both G +ve strains, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, G -ve strains, i.e., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae and two species of fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger), on nutrient agar and sabouraud dextrose agar respectively, to analyze the percentage zone of inhibition at the concentration range of 100 mg/ml of the extract by comparing with various standard antibiotic discs (10 ?g/disc). Whole plant extract (methanol) showed significant antimicrobial activity with relative percentage of inhibition of 83.60 (G +ve), 70.25 (G-ve) and 61.15 (fungi) while flowers extract (methanol) showed 64.30, 51.88 and 51.97 relative percentage of inhibition against G +ve, G -ve and fungi respectively. Whereas, DCM extract of flowers and whole plant showed the moderate antimicrobial activity as compared with methanolic extract of flowers and whole plant respectively. Modified agar well diffusion method was adopted to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration. From the present study, it can be inferred that the antimicrobial activity varies from part to part of plant and solvent used, so whole plant extract can be further investigated to discover antibacterial agent for developing new pharmaceuticals to control studied human pathogenic bacteria for the severe illness. Keywords: Jasminum officinale, Methanol Extract, Dichloromethane Extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Disc Diffusion Method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentratio

Laparoscopic-Assisted Management of Impalpable Testis in Patients Older than 10 Years

Laparoscopic-assisted single-stage orchiopexy appears to be a safe, effective procedure for intraabdominal testis in adolescent and older patients

Temporal trends in hepatitis B and C infection in family blood donors from interior Sindh, Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are a serious global and national public health problem. Earlier studies have reported increasing rates of hepatitis infection in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas. Pakistan has no active surveillance program to monitor trends of these infections. The objective of this study was to verify this trend in blood donors from the rural Sindh area of the country.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study analysed the data of blood donors of interior Sindh who donated blood at JPMC blood bank from January 1, 2004 to September 15, 2007. HBsAg status was determined by using HBsAg Serodia kit and antibodies to HCV using the Detect HCV ™ V.3 Kit. Samples repeatedly reactive for HBsAg or anti-HCV were considered positive for HBV or HCV infection respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection among donors was 6.2 % (95% CI 5.5%–6.9%) and did not change significantly over the study period. Overall seroprevalence of HBV infection in literate blood donors was 5.7 %(95% CI 4.7%–6.8%). Prevalence decreased significantly in this group over the study period (p = 0.05). No other significant trends in seroprevalence of HBV infection were seen in the stratified analyses.</p> <p>The overall seroprevalence of HCV among donors was 7.5% (95% CI 6.8%–8.3%) and increased significantly over the study period from 7.2% (95% CI 5.8%–8.7%) in 2004 to 8.9% (95% CI 7.4%–10.6%) in 2007 (p = 0.02). Significant increase in seroprevalence was particularly seen in literate (p = 0.03), non–first time (p = 0.01) and Sindhi speaking (p = 0.01) donors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study finds a steady increase in the prevalence of HCV infection in blood donors from interior Sindh between 2004 and 2007. On the contrary, decreasing prevalence of HBV was found, particularly in literate blood donors. There may be a need to have rural community-based epidemiological studies to identify the determinants of the spread of HCV infection and also those that are limiting the spread of HBV infection particularly in the literate blood donor population.</p

A Safe Quick Technique for Placement of the First Access Port for Creation of Pneumoperitoneum

The authors recommend a modified open technique in placing the first port when intraabdominal adhesions are expected

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS: A CASE REPORT

Background: Craniosynostosis has a prevalence of 1 in 2000 to 2500 live births. We report on a case of craniosynostosis managed surgically. Method: A 2-year old male, case of craniosynostosis which presented to Ziauddin Hospital North Nazimabad OPD. This child had a history of multiple falls since the past 4 months for which sutures were required twice. His head circumference was above 95 percentile for his age. He was diagnosed as a case of trigonocephaly based on the findings of the 3D CT scan. He underwent surgical remodelling Result: Patient was discharged after an unremarkable post-operative period

Impact Of Multidisciplinary Team Approach To The Management Of Otalgia Patients

Background: Otalgia, one of the most common complain reported in OPD of otorhinolaryngologist, is agonizing and affects all age groups. The objective of the study was to highlight the use of Multidisciplinary team approach to the management of otalgia patients for speedy recovery. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on patients having ear pain. These patients presented to the out-patient department (OPD) of otolaryngology of a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected through questionnaire prepared in advance. Informed oral consent was taken from participants before administration of the questionnaire. Results: A total of 216 patients were included in the study. Out of these only 33(15.2%) were less than 18 years of age. Majority [139(64.35%)] of subjects belonged to a low socioeconomic class. Out of these patients 119(55.1%) had ear infections who has to be seen by otolaryngologists. 63(29.2%) of patients had temporomandibular joint pain, referred to the Maxillofacial Surgeons and 34(15.7%) of patients suffering from neck pain, referred to Orthopaedic Surgeon. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary team approach was found effective in treating otalgia patients visiting the otorhinolaryngology clinics for the symptom, should be closely examined and referred to concerned departments if required for complete recovery

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries