Handling, feeding and management of tsetse colony.

<p>(A) Regular <i>in vitro</i> membrane feeding system, (B) intermediate phase, and (C) final phase of the clean feeding system.</p

Effect of long-term clean feeding system on the prevalence of GpSGHV in the Seibersdorf Tororo <i>G. pallidipes</i> colonies.

<p>Virus load was determined by qPCR of the main colony before initiation of the clean feeding system and from the three colonies Clean feeding 1 (CFC-1), Clean feeding 2 (CFC-2) and normal feeding system (NFC) after 28 months of implementation of the clean feeding system. (---): threshold virus load correlated with SGH symptoms; solid lines are Loess smoothed regressions.</p

Prevalence of SGH in different tsetse colonies of <i>G. pallidipes.</i>

<p>The flies were randomly selected at different time points from the different colonies and dissected to determine status of the salivary glands. Numbers between brackets are the mean SGH prevalence percentage. The line is the smoothed regression.</p

Total numbers of randomly selected flies dissected from and prevalence of SGH syndrome in the five <i>G. pallidipes</i> fly colonies used in this study.

<p>Values followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p

Effect of long-term clean feeding system on SGH prevalence in the Seibersdorf Tororo <i>G. pallidipes</i> colonies by fly dissection.

<p>The flies were randomly selected at different time points from the different colonies after implementation of the clean feeding system and dissected to determine status of the salivary glands. Numbers between brackets are the mean of SGH prevalence percentage; lines are Loess smoothed regressions.</p