Differentiation Between Natural and Commercial Bee Venoms Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Honey bee venom (HBV, A. m. scutellata) contains polypeptides [melittin, mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD), adolapin and apamin] and enzymes.The aim of the present study was to differentiate between commercial and natural bee venoms using aqueous olive leaf extract (AOLE) employing fluorescence techniques. Tryptophan mainly responsible for the fluorescence and hence widely used as a tool to monitor conformational changes in proteins. Changes in the fluorescence intensities with blue shifts were obtained with bee venoms. Binding of AOLE constituents near the active site of the enzyme could be evidenced and possible modes of interaction are discussed. The fluorescence method used was rapid and sensitive and was able to differentiate between commercial and natural bee venoms utilizing AOLE

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some Libyan medicinal plants in experimental animals

Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Lamiaceae) and Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae) are three well-known medicinal plants from the Libyan flora, which have long been used for the treatment of inflammations. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory property of the methanol (MeOH) extracts of the aerial parts of these plants. Shade-dried and ground aerial parts of B. pseudodictamnus, S. fruticosa) and T. garganica were Soxhlet-extracted with MeOH. The extracts were concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure at 40°C. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced mice paw edema model. The administration of the extracts at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight produced statistically significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of edema within 3 h of carrageenan administration. The results demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties of the test extracts. Among the extracts, the S. fruticosa extract exhibited the most significant inhibition of inflammation after 3 h (62.1%). Thus, S. fruticosa could be a potential source for the discovery and development of newer anti-inflammatory ‘leads’ for drug development. The anti-inflammatory activity of B. pseudodictamnus and S. fruticosa could be assumed to be related to high levels of phenolic compounds, e.g., flavonoids, present in these plants