Experimental study on the energy absorption capability of circular corrugated tubes under lateral loading and axial loading

A new type of energy absorber called an expansion joint (i.e. a corrugated tube) is examined in this research. Several experiments are performed on three types of thin-walled specimen, namely circular tubes, preformed corrugated tubes and complete corrugated tubes, to investigate the energy absorption of steel specimens under different conditions for quasi-static lateral loading and axial loading. For this purpose, some steel specimens were compressed between two rigid platens in the axial direction, and the other specimens were laterally compressed. The preformed corrugated tubes and the complete corrugated tubes were produced by the hydroforming method. In each geometrical group of specimens, several tubes, which have different wall thicknesses, different inner diameters and different lengths and which are either empty or filled with polyurethane foam, were tested. Experiments show that, for a lateral load, the specific absorbed energies of the complete corrugated tubes are higher than those of the corresponding preformed corrugated tubes and circular tubes with the same characteristics. Tests show that, under lateral loading, a complete corrugated tube with a thicker wall and a smaller diameter is the optimum energy absorber system. Therefore, when a circular tube transforms into the corrugated tube, a better energy absorber system with a higher capability is achieved under lateral loading. Also, experiments show that, under axial loading, simple circular tubes with no forming process have higher specific absorbed energies than corrugated tubes do. Corrugated specimens have more controllable plastic deformation and a more regular deformation mode than simple tubes have. Tests under axial loading illustrate that, when the preformed corrugated tubes are filled with polyurethane foam, the specific absorbed energy increases by up to 74%. A comparison of the results on empty and filled specimens shows that, in some cases, the specific absorbed energies of corrugated tubes under lateral loading are higher than the specific absorbed energies of circular tubes under axial loading. This means that, by shaping the circular tubes into preformed corrugated tubes and complete corrugated tubes via the hydroforming process, a new thin-walled structure with a high specific absorbed energy during the lateral compression process is introduced

An approach to the cell-level diagnosis of malfunctioning events in PV panels from aerial thermal maps

This chapter presents an innovative approach to the cell-level diagnosis of malfunctioning events in photovoltaic (PV) panels from the processing of temperature maps taken from low-flying drones. The application of a detailed power balance equation allows deriving the electrical power generated or dissipated by each cell with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The method is tested by emulating the experimental temperature maps through accurate 3-D thermal simulations of the panel for some cases of interest

An approach to the cell-level diagnosis of malfunctioning events in PV panels from aerial thermal maps

This chapter presents an innovative approach to the cell-level diagnosis of malfunctioning events in photovoltaic (PV) panels from the processing of temperature maps taken from low-flying drones. The application of a detailed power balance equation allows deriving the electrical power generated or dissipated by each cell with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The method is tested by emulating the experimental temperature maps through accurate 3-D thermal simulations of the panel for some cases of interest