A feminist political ecology of agricultural innovations in smallholder farming systems: Experiences from wheat production in Morocco and Uzbekistan

A clear consensus has emerged that innovations are important for adapting to drought and overcoming other biophysical limitations in smallholder farming systems; however, women are notably marginalized from agricultural innovations. We examine whether and how gendered roles and responsibilities shape the adoption and usage of improved wheat varieties and simultaneously uncover opportunities to address and lessen gender-based differences in agricultural innovations. The field data were collected using snowball sampling from seven communities (three in Morocco and four in Uzbekistan) among 574 farmers (half men and half women) of different generations, genders, social statuses, and social classes. Our findings demonstrate how the complex interactions of biophysical constraints, intra-household (spousal and kinship) relations, and the broader macro-level political economy of agriculture converge to influence different identities of women and men farmers’ wheat production and processing practices. We argue that without focusing on the socio-cultural factors affecting agriculture, new seed varieties alone cannot address the multifaceted problems confronting farmers in all parts of the world

L\u27image de la femme occidentale dans Un Ami viendra vous voir (1967) et Mort au Canada (1975) de Driss Chraibi

The image of the western woman in A Friend Will Come See You (1967) and Death in Canada (1975) by Driss Chraibi If the theme of the Arab woman is often treated by the Maghreb novelists of French language, that of the Western woman on the other hand occupies a derisory place, It is true that several Maghreb authors present the foreign woman, French in this case, in the role of a wife thanks to whom the Maghreb man feels adopted in some way by an enchanting West as evidenced by Ma f oi abode (1958) by Tunisian Hachemi Baccoucheou Agar (1955) and Le Scorpion (1969) by Albert Memmi, the fact remains that it remains confined to an adjuvant role in relation to man

La quête d’une dialectique de l’Occident et de l’Orient dans La Civilisation, ma mère !... de Driss Chraïbi

The contact between oriental and occidental world is always presented as problematic and conflicts but in “la civilization ma mère”DRISS CHRAIBI presented this relationship as favorable and positive. In this article we are presenting how the writer pacifies these two worlds, in the story the mother which symbolizes the orient (traditional -ignorance) makes a first contact with the occident world by two means radio and television (two important symbols of occidental civilization), a perfect harmony is created between two different worlds bytaking what is good and benefit from the occidental civilization and keeping contact with traditions and origins

Espace clos, espace ouvert dans La civilisation, ma mère!... de Driss Chraibi

Enclosed Space, Open Space in Civilization, my Mother! ... by Driss Chraibi Our aim in this article is to demonstrate that the opposition between the open space in Civilization, my Mother! ... (1972) by Driss Chraibi is relative. For this reason, we will mainly analyze in particular the process of emancipation of the mother of the narrator Driss, theprotagonist of the novel

Un ami viendra vous voir (1967) de Driss Chraibi (Notes de lecture)

A Friend Will Come See You (1967) by Driss Chraibi: Reading Notes We will try to examine in this article how Driss Chraibi perceives the problems of marriage in a Western society where television and advertising have ended up stifling all the desires of women. If the theme of marriage may seem like a banal subject, the insight given by Chraibi in A Friend Will Come See You, (1967) is interesting in so far as it concerns a foreigner\u27s point of view on a Western society different from his in many ways. On the other hand, the author has attempted to question the problems of women and marriage by relating them to the pernicious role that television plays in a highly industrialized society