Teaching and learning Arabic as a second language online: A case study of Dubai during COVID-19 pandemic

Enrollment into Arabic as a second language (ASL) in Dubai has increased steadily due to the high influx of expatriates’ populations. Although Arabic is the primary language in Dubai, the government has mandated that Arabic be taught in all private schools for non-native Arabic speakers from grades one to nine. This was at the time when the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world and it threw this mandated study into the world of teaching and learning via online means. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the teaching and learning of ASL online in Dubai during the COVID-19 pandemic by exploring the role of innovation and technology infusion in teaching ASL, assessing how education stakeholders can motivate students in online learning, and investigating ways of effectively assessing students’ progress in online learning. The study utilized a qualitative case study where ten teachers and ten learners in 20 private schools in Dubai were interviewed, having been selected through the purposively sampling technique for the administration of unstructured interviews. The researcher analyzed the data using thematic analysis. There were three major findings in this study. First, the adoption of online digital technologies for the teaching and learning of ASL has a positive influence on online teaching. The adoption of such technologies was successfully carried out with the support of capable infrastructure and efforts by the Dubai government, parents, leaders, and teachers of Dubai schools. Second, students are motivated by their parents and teachers for the adoption of online learning techniques where the learning was made interesting, flexible, manageable, autonomous, and generalized. Third, online learning shifted the focus from quantifiable assessment means such as grades, credits, rankings, and markets to the achievement of learning and teaching outcomes and acquiring the needed skills. The study concluded with recommendations, implications for practitioners, and limitations of the study. It also identified suggestions for future research

[The Link of Readings With The Sunnah of The Prophet] Silah Al-Qira’at Bi Sunnah Nabawiyyah

القراءات منزلة من عند الله سبحانه، ومبلغها رسوله الكريم صلى الله عليه وسلم، وما السنة النبوية إلا منبثقة من فيه صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولكن ظهر من يرمي القراءات بالضعف وعدم الصحة ويقول بأنها غير متصلة السند، وهنا تكمن مشكلة البحث، والذي يهدف إلى إظهار العلاقة الوطيدة بين القراءات والسنة النبوية، وكذا توضيح جهود  علماء الحديث في القراءات، وقد اعتمد البحث في إجراءاته على المنهج التحليلي، والذي يقوم بتتبع القراءات الواردة في السنة، وإظهار جهود علماء الحديث في تدوين القراءات مسندة بأسانيد متصلة إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقد ظهرت من خلال البحث عدة نتائج، منها: وجود علاقة وطيدة بين القراءات والسنة منذ زمن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأن جهود علماء الحديث تتضح في تضمين القراءات في كتبهم بأنواعها، سواء في متون الحديث أو شروحها أو حتى تأليفهم لأجزاء مسندة في القراءات.Al-Qira’at (the variant readings of the Qur’an) has been revealed by Allah Almighty and delivered to His Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him). It could not be denied that al-sunnah al-nabawiyah (the prophetic tradition) is attributed to the Prophet (PBUH). However, a group of people accuse the existing al-Qira’at as weak and not true (‘adamu sihhah). Moreover, they claim that such al-Qira’at is not continuous in sanad (chain of narrators). This study aims to elucidate the strong relationship between al-Qira’at and al-sunnah al-nabawiyah. In addition, it describes the effort of hadith scholars in al-Qira’at. This study used analysis document method by analysing related data of al-Qira’at from al-Sunnah as well as to realize the effort of h hadith scholars in compiling the selected al-Qira’at which have continuous sanad to Rasulullah (PBUH). The finding has shown that there is a significant relationship between al-Qira’at and al-sunnah since his prophethood period. It also shows clear efforts done by these hadith scholars in compiling various types of al-Qira’at in their works. That compilation of al-Qira’ats are available in certain kitab (book) such as mutun Hadith, syarah Hadith including their writings related to al-Qira’at with Sanad

THE PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC DA’WAH AND IT’S ROLE IN ACHIEVING SECURITY(مقومات الدعوة الإسلامية ودورها في تحقيق الأمن المجتمعي)

Da’wah in Islam has distinguishing role in establishing values and principles in the society, and the most important of these values is security, which, in its comprehensive sense, is required for both the individual and the society. The contemporary human life suffers from various waves of turmoil and insecurity, be it material security, which is represented in the provision of food and medicine, or psychological and emotional security, through which peace of mind and self-happiness are realized. This article aims at examining the role of Islamic da’wah in achieving security, from Qur’anic and Sunnah perspective. It also serves a response on those who accuse Islam of violence and disorder. The article adopts descriptive analytic inductive method. The article concludes that Islamic da’wah is an effective and important means in highlighting the importance of security to both the individual and the society, and that it is a universal legitimate necessity for advocacy. The Islamic method of da’wah aims at building an individual and societal systems through which is actualized for both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. A Muslim should be a good representation of Islamic da’wah and a security measure to everyone around him. The comprehensive security can only be achieved when man cohabits harmoniously with himself and other creatures around him, and this is clearly indicated through following the Islamic da’wah guidance and fundamentals in the Qur’an and Sunnah.Keywords: Societal security, Fundamentals, Islamic da’wah, Societal security.ملخصالدعوة الإسلامية لها دور متميز في ترسيخ القيم والمباديء الحياتية في المجتمع، ومن أهم هذه القيم قيمة الأمن، حيث الحاجة الى الأمن بمفهومه الشامل للفرد والمجتمع،إن حياة الإنسان المعاصر تعاني من موجات متنوعة من الاضطراب وعدم الأمن؛ سواء الأمن المادي الذي يتمثل في توفير الغذاء والدواء، أو الأمن النفسي والقلبي الذي بسببه تتحقق راحة البال وسعادة النفس. تهدف هذه المقاله إلى كشف دور الدعوة الإسلامية في تحقيق الأمن  من خلال القرآن والسنة، والرد على المتهمين للإسلام بأنه دين عنف واضطراب، واعتمدت المقالة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي. وقد خلص البحث إلى عدة نتائج منها: أن الدعوة الإسلامية أداة فاعلة ومهمة في إبراز أهمية الأمن على الفرد والمجتمع وأنه ضرورة كونية وفريضة دعوية شرعية. أن منهج الدعوة الإسلامية يهدف إلى بناء نسق فردي واجتماعي  يحقق الأمن للمسلم وغير المسلم.أن الفرد المسلم يجب أن يكون  صورة  طيبة للدعوة الإسلامية وأداة أمن وطمأنينة لكل من حوله.أن الأمن الشامل لا يتحقق إلا بانسجام الإنسان مع نفسه وسائر الأحياء، ويكون هذا بصورة أوضح من خلال اتباع توجيهات ومقومات الدعوة الإسلامية في القرآن والسنة.الكلمات المفتاحية: الأمن المجتمعي – مقومات- الدعوة الإسلامي

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the popliteus musclotendinous injuries as a part of the posterolateral corner injuries of the knee

Introduction: The popliteus musclotendinous complex is considered to be one of the main stabilizers of the posterolateral corner of the knee having different attachments and variable sites of injuries, the use of MRI helps the radiologists to depict such injuries consistently.Purpose of the study: To study the role of MRI in evaluating the popliteus musclotendinous injuries as a part of the PLCof the knee.Patients and methods: Our study included 15 patients with trauma to the knee undergoing MRI using 1.5 T magnet using the following sequence: Axial, Coronal, sagittal proton density fat sat, T1, T2 and T2 gradient and conventional X-ray/CT [All patients did conventional X-ray Knee (AP and Lateral views), two patients did CT study of the knee].Results: Out of 15 studied patients with PLC injuries, eight (53.33%) patients had popliteus complex injuries, 7 (87.5%) patients showed combined injuries with other posterolateral structures while one (12.5) patient had isolated popliteus musclotendinous complex injury.Conclusion: MRI imaging is crucial in the evaluation of the different sites and patterns of injuries of the popliteus musclotendinous complex when suspecting PLC injury.Keywords: Popliteus muscle, Popliteus tendon, Posterolateral corner, Popliteofibular ligament, MR

Incidence of co-trimoxazole-induced hyperkalemia in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Co-trimoxazole is a broad-spectrum antibiotic associated with hyperkalemia. Objective: To determine the incidence of hyperkalemia and its risk factors in patients receiving co-trimoxazole. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study involving all patients who received co-trimoxazole between 1 January 2012 and 1 January 2013 was conducted. Subjects were identified through a list generated from a computerized pharmacy system. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: One hundred sixty-one patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Of these, 46 (28.6%) experienced hyperkalemia. Around 35 (76%) of the patients who experienced hyperkalemia received co-administered medications that might induce hyperkalemia. The co-administration of co-trimoxazole with other medications that may induce hyperkalemia was found to be associated with higher incidence of hyperkalemia when compared to co-trimoxazole administration alone [adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI (1.4– 7.3), p=0.005]. Additionally, age > 60 years was associated with an increased risk of hyperkalemia when compared to younger age group 18– 39 years [adjusted OR 6.5, 95% CI (2.1– 19.7); p=0.001]. Conclusion: Co-trimoxazole use is associated with high incidence of hyperkalemia, especially among older patients and those receiving it in combination with other medications that might contribute to hyperkalemia development such as calcineurin inhibitors and β-blockers

Bridging vs Non-Bridging with Warfarin Peri-Procedural Management: Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses

The warfarin peri-procedural management in Qatar is predominantly based on bridging (63%), compared to non-bridging. This study sought to perform a first-time cost analysis of current warfarin peri-procedural management practices, including a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of predominant bridging vs predominant non-bridging practices. From the hospital perspective, a one-year decision-analytic model followed the cost and success consequences of the peri-procedural warfarin in a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 atrial fibrillation patients. Success was defined as survival with no adverse events. Outcome measures were the cost and success consequences of the 63% bridging (vs not-bridging) practice in the study setting, ie, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, cost/success) of the warfarin therapy when predominantly bridging based vs when predominantly non-bridging based. The model was based on Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the robustness of the study conclusions. As per 63% bridging practices, the mean overall cost of peri-procedural warfarin management per patient was USD 3,260 (QAR 11,900), associated with an overall success rate of 0.752. Based on the CEA, predominant bridging was dominant (lower cost, higher effect) over the predominant non-bridging practice in 62.2% of simulated cases, with a cost-saving of up to USD 2,001 (QAR 7,303) at an average of USD 272 (QAR 993) and was cost-effective in 36.9% of cases. Being between cost-saving and cost-effective, compared to predominant non-bridging practices, the predominant use of bridging with warfarin seems to be a favorable strategy in atrial fibrillation patients

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone