Web-based reward and redemption system for smart recyle system

The Recycling rate among developing nation is very low and the number of waste is increasing every day.Although many steps have been taken such as through national campaign, yet the recycle rate remains unchanged especially in Malaysia.Thus, the smart recycle bin is proposed to give a reward to public user who thrown the recyclable waste into the innovated smart recycle bin by giving points (later can be converted to money).This paper discussed the development of reward-based smart recycle system.The system has been implemented in a web-based environment and it supports for public user and waste authority.The system is then to be integrated with the desktop-based applications for waste authority to manage the point and transaction from the innovated recycle bin to the reward system

Treatment of biodiesel wastewater using ferric chloride and ferric sulfate

The production of biodiesel through the transesterification method produces a large amount of wastewater that contains high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease. In this study, coagulation was adopted to treat the biodiesel wastewater. Two types of coagulants were examined using standard jar test apparatus, i.e. ferric chloride and ferric sulfate. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined at 150 rpm of rapid mixing and 20 rpm slow mixing and 30 min settling time, higher removal of SS (over 80%), colour (over 80%), COD (over 50%) and Oil and Grease (over 90%) were achieved at pH 6. Ferric Chloride was found to be superior was observed at reasonable lower amount of coagulant i.e. 300 mg/L. The result indicated that coagulation and flocculation process had contributed bigger roles in integrated treatment system

GSM-based notification system and location tagging using GPS for smart recycle bin

This paper describe the design and development of a system to detect the level of recyclable waste in a smart recycle bin and then send notification signals including the locations coordinate to assist the authority to collect and empty the bin. At present, the current system does not provide a notification system mechanism to inform the waste authority that the recycle bin is full and need to be collected. Therefore, an automatic notification system is proposed as to reduce and optimize the collection time. This could also assist the waste collector to re-schedule the collection time and place depending on the regularity of the signal received. This could also reduce the manual collection process which require time and cost of labor. The development of the system involved the use of GSM module to enable the SMS text notification system and some software to manage all the notification received from the bin

Mechanical and durability analysis of fly ash based geopolymer with various compositions for rigid pavement applications

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a conventional material used to construct rigid pave�ment that emits large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) during its manufacturing process, which is bad for the environment. It is also claimed that OPC is susceptible to acid attack, which increases the maintenance cost of rigid pavement. Therefore, a fly ash based geopolymer is proposed as a material for rigid pavement application as it releases lesser amounts of CO2 during the synthesis process and has higher acid resistance compared to OPC. This current study optimizes the formulation to produce fly ash based geopolymer with the highest compressive strength. In addition, the durability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete and OPC concrete in an acidic environment is also determined and compared. The results show that the optimum value of sodium hydroxide concentration, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid-to-liquid for fly ash based geopolymer are 10 M, 2.0, and 2.5, respectively, with a maximum compressive strength of 47 MPa. The results also highlight that the durability of fly ash based geopolymer is higher than that of OPC concrete, indicating that fly ash based geopolymer is a better material for rigid pavement applications, with a percentage of compressive strength loss of 7.38% to 21.94% for OPC concrete. This current study contributes to the field of knowledge by providing a reference for future development of fly ash based geopolymer for rigid pavement applications

Leachate treatibility study in subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Wetland systems are typically described in terms of the position of the water surface and/or the type of vegetation grown

Incorporation of Palm Kernel Shell into Fired Clay Brick

Palm oil processing has produce agricultural waste and one of the wastes is palm kernel shell (PKS) which is abundance and creating disposal problems in landfill. Recently, many researchers investigate the incorporation of palm oil waste such as palm fiber, palm oil fuel ash and empty fruit bunch which could have potential as a second raw material in brick manufacture. Therefore, this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of PKS as clay replacement in fired clay brick. Different percentages of PKS (0%, 1%, 5% and 10%) were incorporated into fired clay brick. Manufactured bricks were fired at 1050°C with heating rate of 1°C/min and were tested with dry density, shrinkage, initial rate of suction, water absorption, porosity and compressive strength. XRF result shows that both clay soil and PKS have a highest percentage of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) and Iron Oxide (Fe2O3). Throughout this study, PKSB1% shows the best result compared to others brick with several improvements on physical and mechanical properties. As the conclusion, PKS could be a potential waste to be utilized as it produces adequate brick with better strength and complied with the requirement

Incorporation of Palm Kernel Shell into Fired Clay Brick

Palm oil processing has produce agricultural waste and one of the wastes is palm kernel shell (PKS) which is abundance and creating disposal problems in landfill. Recently, many researchers investigate the incorporation of palm oil waste such as palm fiber, palm oil fuel ash and empty fruit bunch which could have potential as a second raw material in brick manufacture. Therefore, this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of PKS as clay replacement in fired clay brick. Different percentages of PKS (0%, 1%, 5% and 10%) were incorporated into fired clay brick. Manufactured bricks were fired at 1050°C with heating rate of 1°C/min and were tested with dry density, shrinkage, initial rate of suction, water absorption, porosity and compressive strength. XRF result shows that both clay soil and PKS have a highest percentage of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) and Iron Oxide (Fe2O3). Throughout this study, PKSB1% shows the best result compared to others brick with several improvements on physical and mechanical properties. As the conclusion, PKS could be a potential waste to be utilized as it produces adequate brick with better strength and complied with the requirement

Study on Composition and Generation of Food Waste in Makanan Ringan Mas Industry

Food waste management is a major problem for most food premises in Malaysia. This study was conducted at one of the Small Medium Industries (SMIs) called Makanan Ringan Mas Industry that is located in Parit Kuari Darat, Parit Raja, Johor. This premise generates food waste almost every day including processed food waste (chips and coconut candy) and raw food waste (banana peels, tapioca peels, breadfruit peels and grated coconut). The objective of the study was to determine the waste generation and composition of food waste generated by the premise. Food waste collected from the premise once a week and tested for moisture content and density. The results demonstrated that Makanan Ringan Mas Industry generated more raw food waste compared to processed food waste. Banana peels recorded the highest amount at 27.15kg per month compared to other food waste. To conclude, banana peels were found to be the highest component in the food waste composition by Makanan Ringan Mas Industry whereas breadfruit peels were found to be the lowest

Potential of ground and unground palm oil fuel ash in construction material

The uncontrolled bunches of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) leads environmental pollution and hazardous to the human. Besides, POFA can be classified as the high pozzolonic matter. Thes e problem attracts attention tremendous researcher to identify the usage or potential of POFA for overcome the issues. This paper will give a review about the solving problems in a different methods. The researcher found the potential by replaced the cement with POFA as supplemetary. Then the finding shows that POFA can reduce carbon content, loss of ignition and increased mineral oxide composition. Yet, POFA has good pozzolanic material and it can be used in agricultural and construction industries

Rating of Sound Absorption for EFBMF Acoustic Panels according to ISO 11654:1997

Empty fruit bunch fibre (EFB) and mesocarp fibre (MF) have been used in the fabrication of a new acoustic panel as a sound absorber for building. Measurements were carried out following ISO 354 in the mini reverberation chamber and the sound absorption performance of EFBMF acoustic panels were rated based on ISO 11654. Measurements of the new EFBMF acoustic panel involves five panel designs of 100 EFB dust panels, 80:20 dust panels, 100MF coir panels, 90:10 coir panels and 50:50 coir panels with 5 cm of initial thickness. Results showed that 100MF coir panel achieved αw of 0.90 coefficient and was rated as Class A absorber followed by 90:10 coir panels with αw of 0.85 coefficient and 100 EFB dust, 80:20 dust and 50:50 coir panels having αw of 0.80 coefficients and been rated as Class B absorber. This research has successfully defined that EFB and MF are viable to be used as raw fibre for acoustic absorber for building