Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting For Charging Electrical Equipment

Energy is nowadays the main concern for the whole world. Finding renewable sources of energy is a challenging process that attracts the interest of scientists and researchers everywhere. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a main source of energy means it can be put to an almost unlimited set of applications. The backbone of modern industrial society is, and for the foreseeable future can be expected to remain, the use of electrical power. Electrical energy plays one of the most important rules in human’s daily life in different fields such as transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Moreover, "wireless" as a technology has become a generic and all-encompassing word, which is used to describe communications, in which electromagnetic waves or RF (rather than some form of wire) carry a signal over part or the entire communication path. Most of the mobile devices nowadays like mobile phones and laptops for example are still dependent on centralized power sources to charge their batteries. Energy Harvesting implies that the device can extract its energy from the surrounding environment without the need for these kinds of sources. The objective of this project is to find a way to harvest the Radio Frequency energy from the air and convert it to electrical energy that can be used in charging. This project helps in providing sources of energy to power electrical equipment through using existing sources in the environment. This project will go through different stages to implement the required objective. Researches will be done on the characteristics of RF signals and its harvesting methods

Behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Spliced Tension Steel Reinforcement

The aim of the current work is to describe the flexural and bond behaviour of simply supported concrete beams with tension reinforcement spliced at mid-span. The parameters included in the study were the type of the concrete, the splice length and the configuration of the hooked splice. Fifteen beams were cast using an ordinary concrete mix and two fiber reinforced concrete mixes incorporating steel and polypropylene fibers. Each concrete mix was used to cast five beams with continuous, spliced and hooked spliced tension steel bars. A test beam was reinforced on the tension side with two 12-mm bars with a splice length of 20 and 40 times the bar diameter. The hooked bars were spliced along 20 times the bar diameter and provided with 45-degree and 90-degree hooks. The test results in terms of cracking and ultimate loads, cracking patterns, ductility, and failure modes are reported. The results demonstrated the consequences due to short splices and the improvement in the structural behaviour due to the use of hooks and the confinement provided by the steel and polypropylene fibers

Shear Strength of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Different Fillers and Coarse Aggregates

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the shear strength provided by different self-compacting concrete mixes proportioned using different fillers and coarse aggregates. A total of 28 simple beams without web reinforcement were tested in flexure. The test parameters included the use of gravel versus crushed dolomite as coarse aggregates, the amount of longitudinal reinforcement and the composition and percentage of fillers. Dolomite stone powder with either silica fume or fly ash were used as fillers replacing cement aiming at reducing the cost of the mix and obtaining better performance. The test results indicated that the overall structural performance in terms of cracking pattern and shear strength was comparable in all mixes. The potentials of developing shear strength and post cracking shear resistance were better when gravel was used as coarse aggregate and when relatively high fractions of dolomite powder were used as cement replacement

Evaluation of the level of knowledge of Egyptian women of breast cancer and its risk factors. A cross sectional study

Breast cancer is considered the leading cause of cancer death among females in economically developing countries. Preva- lence of breast carcinoma is high in Egypt and the cases of breast cancer constitute 29% of cancer cases treated at the national cancer institute. This study aimed at exploring the level of knowledge of Egyptian females of breast cancer and its risk factors. An interview questionnaire with 22 questions about breast cancer was developed. This questionnaire was previ- ously published as a part of the German multicentre DACH study. A total of 600 female subjects that attended primary health care centres were enrolled in our study. The majority were located in Cairo with the mean age of 40.5 ± 11.0. Most of our studied sample (94%) has heard about breast cancer as a disease. TV and radio were the main sources of knowledge about the disease (60%). The level of knowledge about breast cancer was limited in 80% of the subjects. Younger age subjects had a higher level of knowledge about breast can- cer compared to older subjects with no significant difference statistically. The grade of knowledge about breast cancer was higher among highly educated subjects compared to less edu- cated subjects with significant difference statistically. The highest known risk factors of breast cancer were exposure to X ray (79.5%), hormonal therapy (75.7%) and previous breast cancer disease (70.8%). This study clearly illustrates the need for a health education program directed to Egyptian females to improve the knowledge of breast cancer

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing among health care workers in Ain Shams University hospitals in Cairo

Most nosocomial infections are thought to be transmitted by the hands of health care workers. The aim of this work was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing among health care workers (HCW) in Ain-Shams University hospitals and to investigate the presence of the necessary facilities and supplies required for hand washing (HW) in ten wards. A cross- sectional descriptive and observational study was conducted for six months from June till November 2006. Observation of the HCW for hand washing practice was done at any opportunity of contact with the patients in the different wards by members of the infection control team. Knowledge & attitude of HCW towards hand hygiene was done through self-administered questionnaire to HCW in 10 different departments. The total opportunities observed were 2189 opportunities. Doctors showed a signifi- cantly higher compliance (37.5%) than other groups of HCW (P = 0.000), however only 11.6% of the opportunities observed for doctors were done appropriately. The most common type of HW practiced among HCW was the routine HW (64.2%) and the least was the antiseptic HW (3.9%). Having a short contact time and improper drying (23.2%) were the most common errors that lead to inappropriate HW. Most of the wards had available sinks (80%) but none of them had available paper towels. The mean knowledge score was higher in nurses compared to doc- tors (42.6 ± 11.7 versus 39.1 ± 10.5). Most of the nurses (97.3%) believe that administrative orders and continuous observation can improve hand washing practices. Implementation of mul- tifaceted interventional behavioral hand hygiene program with continuous monitoring and performance feedback, increasing the supplies necessary for HW and institutional support are impor- tant for improving the compliance of hand hygiene guidelines

Role of Members of University Students? Unions in tobacco prevention

Introduction. In Egypt, each faculty has it own students? union, which represents the students and collaborates in organizing all educational, sporting and social activities. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the knowledge of members of students? unions about cigarette and Shisha smoking together with assessing their attitudes towards smoking in public places in general and in the university. Methodology. A random sample of members of Ain Shams University Students? Unions was subjected to an interview questionnaire. All participants were individually interviewed face-to-face by a trained interviewer from March 1, 2005 to April 30, 2005. Results. Our study showed that 34 (31.5%) students were smokers. The mean knowledge score percentage was 79.4 ± 20.7. Regarding knowledge about Shisha smoking hazards, the majority of the students (84.3%) knew that Shisha smoking is hazardous. The mean attitude score percentage was 56.8± 22.2. Smokers had less mean knowledge as regard smoking hazards compared to non-smokers (p inf. 0.01). Also, smokers had a lower mean attitude compared to non-smokers (p inf. 0.001). More than one-third (38.9%) of the interviewed students didn?t know if the students? union has a policy for prevention of smoking or not. Conclusion. Our findings point that although our students had a moderately high mean knowledge score yet this didn?t increase their attitude about the smoking problem in the university and in the community. This supports the notion that, in addition to knowledge about smoking hazards, efforts are needed to change beliefs that allow this offensive habit to continue

Influenza a(h1n1) pandemic: 2 years after

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Development of computer software for simulation of transmission line dynamic behavior

Structural failure of transmission line systems is often attributed to dynamic effects such as a broken conductor, a broken insulator, or conductor galloping. The focus of this research was to develop a computer program, DYNTRN, that can analyze the structural response of a transmission line system due to dynamic effects, and present the response in a graphical form. The program uses the stiffness method to analyze a system consisting of conductors, insulators, and support structures. Four types of elements can be used to model the transmission line components: beam elements, cable elements, truss elements, and spring elements. A dynamic condensation method was introduced to efficiently model cable elements. Geometric nonlinearities were accounted for using the Newton-Raphson method. State-of-the-art software tools and object oriented design were used to develop a program that is modular and interactive. An object oriented method was developed to efficiently store and solve the stiffness matrix of the structure. Results obtained from the program were verified using commercial finite element software. The program was also validated using published experimental work. The final product of this research is a computer program that can graphically simulate dynamic behavior of transmission lines

Effect of Psycho-Educational Training Program for Parent's Having Child with Leukemia on Their Experience and Psychological Wellbeing

Leukemia is a significant public health and life-threatening problem for pediatric cancer patients. Family caregivers of cancer patients receive little preparation, information, or support to perform their care giving role. This study aims to assess the effect of psycho-educational training program to enhancing practice and psychosocial adaptation for parents caring child with leukemia. the study  was conducted at day care and out patient clinic in pediatric hospital of Ain Shams University  .the sample of this study consist of of 60 parents and their children  attended day care and out patient clinic in pediatric Hospital of Ain Shams University. Data were collected through three tool first tool .,Interview questionnairesheet: it is developed by the researchers to collecting data regarding socio-demographic  characteristics about  patients and family caregivers , family knowledge about leukemia and family practice regarding care child with leukemia 2nd toolis Ryff’spsychological Well-Being Scales (PWB).third tools is Caregiver  strain Index (CSI).the  results reveleaved that was significant improvement in  familyknowedge  and  practice ,as wellas were significant decrease in the stress level after Pogrom intervention andthere was a siginificant difference .Regarding psychological wellbeingbefore and after program intervention.thepresent recommended that Further research is necessary to   understand the mechanisms    through which parents cope with the strain of parenting a cancer survivor and how parenting stress in this parents  influences both physical and mental health. Keywords : leukemia -parent – stressors – adjustment – psychological wellbein