Application of Artificial Barrier as Mitigation of <em>E. coli</em> Which Pass through Riverbank Filtration

Water security in the water treatment plant has been doubted, and the treatment process may have given unreliable and unsafe water to the public. A newspaper reported on November 19, 2011, that laboratory tests on water samples in Kelantan for each year by the Ministry of Health have found harmful bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the water samples. More worryingly, it was stated in a study that chlorine in water treated with high chlorine can be harmful to human health. In 2010, Malaysia has begun to approach a natural treatment technique, namely, riverbank filtration (RBF), and firstly used it at the Water Treatment Plant in Jeli, Kelantan, and Kuala Kangsar, Perak. RBF limitation is the invisible groundwater flow that makes it difficult to predict the transport of contaminants. Managing groundwater is important to ensure that water is aligned in compliance with government legislation and environmental protection. Due to that, this study suggests an implementation of an artificial barrier for microorganism in RBF to sustain the good water quality abstracted from the abstraction well. This pretreatment or purifying method is to improve the effectiveness of RBF in removing pollutants during shock loads and reduce the load placed in the water treatment process

Determination of Water Resources in Tube Well Using Hydrofacies for Riverbank Filtration

The reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cation in the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable

Determination of Water Resources in Tube Well Using Hydrofacies for Riverbank Filtration

The reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cation in the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable

Determination of water resourcesin tube well using hydrofacies for riverbank filtration

The reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cation in the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable

Artificial Barrier As To Enhance Removal Of E.Coli In Riverbank Filtration

Riverbank filtration (RBF) is a water abstraction method which has a multi-barrier to remove many pollutants. However, some RBF sites report that the multi-barrier may be not effective in certain circumstances. This study has made such related verification and from the monitoring result of 18 months data (2015-2017) at Lubok Buntar, sites in Kedah, showed that pollutants and E. coli that were not present in the wells of the tubes appeared on rainy days, and the initial concentration of E. coli was mostly absent in normal days. In order to mitigate and pre-treat the water abstraction intake so that the removal of E. coli can be sustained in a long term operation, this study suggested an artificial barrier for application at RBF sites. An artificial barrier is a vertical barrier which contain layer of granular activated carbon (GAC) and zeolite near the tube well. The preliminary results of GAC and zeolite to adsorb E. coli shows that both media suitable where it removed 100% of E. coli in acidic environment. This study focuses on a laboratory scale artificial barrier using a column test and The Mixture methodology concerning simplex lattice was used to optimize the media proportion in removing E. coli. Initially, soil (Soil A, B and C) gave the highest of E. coli removal with 100% eliminations. However, over time, the removal of E. coli has decreased significantly and the application of artificial barrier with soil provides a more consistent removal compared using solitary soil only selection. The optimum ratio for local soil A is 60% local soil, 16% GAC and 24 % zeolite. Local soil B is local soil 74% and zeolite 26%. Local soil C is local soil 62%, GAC 14% and zeolite 24%. The breakthrough analysis shows that the adsorption model for E. coli follow Thomas and not Yoon-Nelson model. The optimum data acquire from the mixture methodology also proved that this proportion is suitable to be applied under anaerobic condition at different flowrates. Finally, this research demonstrates the capability of artificial barrier to enhance the alluvial soil characteristics to eliminate contaminants which are effective for RBF application as mitigation measure. These findings support the need of subsequent purification processes, the so-called second protective barrier