Rolling Stone Sdn Bhd / Nur Syaheera Mohd Fadhil, Nur Syafiqah Roslan and Anis Syahirah Abd Rahman

This business is based on partnership where it consists of three (3) members. Job allocation was divided equally starting from the General Manager, Administration Manager, Marketing Manager, Operational Manager and lastly Financial Manager. The business capital is amounted to RM where the total contribution of each member is RM and the rest is from the Bank loan. THE ROLLING STONE is basically more into food sections. This is where we cook the food immediately when the order is proceed. Our market mainly focus is the consumers that come to visit the shopping malls. Not that they will give us benefits but they are also allowed to watch while cooking to gain experience. People are allowed to open another branch by going through the contract agreement process from the main source. Our business will be expected to commence on 2012 and our vision is to make our company a well-known, established and satisfied by our customer in order to expand our capacity of making rolling paratha with variety sauce and fillings and to attract other companies to deal with us with a better price. We are expecting to open more branches like small booths in few places for start and if it is possible we would also like to expand the menu choices in the future. It all depends from the start where it all begins to show that people or consumers like it or not

Partial purification and characterization of the molybdenum-reducing enzyme from the glyphosate-degrading Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain AQ5-12

In this study, a novel glyphosate-degrading shows the ability to reduce molybdenum to molybdenum blue. The enzyme from this bacterium was partially purified and partially characterized to ascertain whether the Mo-reducing enzyme from this bacterium shows better or lower efficiency in reducing molybdenum compared to other Mo-reducing bacterium that only exhibits a single biotransformation activity. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate fractionation. The Vmax for the electron donating substrate or NADH was at 1.905 nmole Mo blue/min while the Km was 6.146 mM. The regression coefficient was 0.98. Comparative assessment with the previously characterized Mo-reducing enzyme from various bacteria showed that the Mo-reducing enzyme from Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain AQ5-12 showed a lower enzyme activity

Reduction of Mo(VI) by the bacterium Serratia sp. strain DRY5

The need to isolate efficient heavy metal reducers for cost effective bioremediation strategy have resulted in the isolation of a potent molybdenum-reducing bacterium. The isolate was tentatively identified as Serratia sp. strain DRY5 based on the Biolog GN carbon utilization profiles and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Strain DRY5 produced 2.3 times the amount of Mo-blue than S. marcescens strain Dr.Y6, 23 times more than E. coli K12 and 7 times more than E. cloacae strain 48. Strain DRY5 required 37 degrees C and pH 7.0 for optimum molybdenum reduction. Carbon sources such as sucrose, maltose, glucose and glycerol, supported cellular growth and molybdate reduction after 24 hr of static incubation. The most optimum carbon source that supported reduction was sucrose at 1.0% (w/v). Ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, glutamic acid, cysteine, and valine supported growth and molybdate reduction with ammonium sulphate as the optimum nitrogen source at 0. 2% (w/v). Molybdate reduction was optimally supported by 30 mM molybdate. The optimum concentration of phosphate for molybdate reduction was 5 mM when molybdate concentration was fixed at 30 mM and molybdate reduction was totally inhibited at 100 mM phosphate. Mo-blue produced by this strain shows a unique characteristic absorption profile with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm, Dialysis tubing experiment showed that 95.42% of Mo-blue was found in the dialysis tubing suggesting that the molybdate reduction seen in this bacterium was catalyzed by enzyme(s). The characteristics of isolate DRY5 suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of molybdenum-containing waste

Mathematical modelling of molybdenum reduction to Mo-blue by a cyanide-degrading bacterium

Molybdenum, an emerging pollutant, has being demonstrated recently to be toxic to spermatogenesis in several animal model systems. Metal mines especially gold mine often use cyanide and hence isolation of metal-reducing and cyanide-degrading bacteria can be useful for the bioremediation of these pollutants. Preliminary screening shows that three cyanide-degrading bacteria were able to reduce molybdenum to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) when grown on a molybdate low phosphate minimal salts media. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene of the best reducer indicates that it belongs to the Serratia genus. A variety of mathematical models such as logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Schnute, Baranyi-Roberts, von Bertalanffy, Buchanan three-phase and Huang were used to model molybdenum reduction, and the best model based on statistical analysis was modified Gompertz with lowest values for RMSE and AICc, highest adjusted R2 values, with Bias Factor and Accuracy Factor nearest to unity (1.0). The reduction constants obtained from the model will be used to carry out secondary modelling to study the effect of various parameters such as substrate, pH and temperature to molybdenum reduction

Isolation and characterization of a metal-reducing Pseudomonas sp. strain 135 with amide-degrading capability

The presence of both heavy metals and organic xenobiotic pollutants in a contaminated site justifies the application of either a multitude of microbial degraders or microorganisms having the capacity to detoxify a number of pollutants at the same time. Molybdenum is an essential heavy metal that is toxic to ruminants at a high level. Ruminants such as cow and goats experience severe hypocuprosis leading to scouring and death at a concentration as low as several parts per million. In this study, a molybdenum-reducing bacterium with amide-degrading capacity has been isolated from contaminated soils. The bacterium, using glucose as the best electron donor reduces molybdenum in the form of sodium molybdate to molybdenum blue. The maximal pH reduction occurs between 6.0 and 6.3, and the bacterium showed an excellent reduction in temperatures between 25 and 40 oC. The reduction was maximal at molybdate concentrations of between 15 and 25 mM. Molybdenum reduction incidentally was inhibited by several toxic heavy metals. Other carbon sources including toxic xenobiotics such as amides were screened for their ability to support molybdate reduction. Of all the amides, only acrylamide can support molybdenum reduction. The other amides; such as acetamide and propionamide can support growth. Analysis using phylogenetic analysis resulted in a tentative identification of the bacterium as Pseudomonas sp. strain 135. This bacterium is essential in remediating sites contaminated with molybdenum, especially in agricultural soil co-contaminated with acrylamide, a known soil stabilizer

Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and Orange G-decolorizing Enterobacter sp. strain Zeid-6 in soils from Sudan

Chemical toxins and organic contaminants such as hydrocarbons and dyes are major global contaminants with countless tones of those chemicals are created yearly with a significant amount release to the environment. In this work we screen the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from contaminated soil to decolorize various azo and triphenyl methane dyes independent of molybdenum reduction. Biochemical analysis resulted in a tentative identification of the bacterium as Enterobacter sp. strain Zeid-6. The bacterium was able to decolorize the azo dye Orange G. The bacterium reduces molybdate to Mo-blue optimally at pH between 5.5 and 8.0 and temperatures of between 30 and 37 °C. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration of 5 mM and a molybdate concentration of 20 mM. The absorption spectrum of the Mo-blue produced was similar to previous Mo-reducing bacterium, and closely resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by copper, lead, mercury and silver which showed 36.8, 16.9, 64.9 and 67.6% inhibition to Mo-reducing activity of Enterobacter sp. strain Zeid-6, respectively. The resultant molybdenum blue spectrum closely resembles the spectrum of molybdenum blue from the phosphate determination method. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify molybdenum and decolorize azo dye makes this bacterium an important tool for bioremediation

Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and azo-dye decolorizing Serratia marcescens strain Neni-1 from Indonesian soil

Heavy metals and organic xenobiotics including dyes are important industrial components with their usage amounting to the millions of tonnes yearly. Their presence in the environment is a serious pollution issue globally. Bioremediation of these pollutants using microbes with multiple detoxification capacity is constantly being sought. In this work we screen the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from contaminated soil to decolorize various azo and triphenyl methane dyes. The bacterium reduces molybdate to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) optimally at pH 6.0, and temperatures of between 25 and 40oC. Glucose was the best electron donor for supporting molybdate reduction followed by sucrose, trehalose, maltose, d-sorbitol, d-mannitol, d-mannose, myo-inositol, glycerol and salicin in descending order. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration of between 5.0 and 7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration between 10 and 20 mM. The absorption spectrum of the Mo-blue produced was similar to previous Mo-reducing bacterium, and closely resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited bycopper, silver and mercury at 2 ppm by 43.8%, 42.3% and 41.7%, respectively. We screen for the ability of the bacterium to decolorize various dyes. The bacterium was able to decolorize the dye Congo Red. Biochemical analysis resulted in a tentative identification of the bacterium as Serratia marcescens strain Neni-1. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify molybdenum and decolorize azo dye makes this bacteriuman important tool for bioremediation

Characterization of a molybdenum-reducing Bacillus sp. strain khayat with the ability to grow on SDS and diesel

Molybdenum and heavy metals are toxicants that are needed to be removed from the environment as they are non-biodegradable and pose a serious threat to the ecology. A previously isolated keratin-degrading Bacillus sp. strain khayat was shown to be able to reduce molybdenum (sodium molybdate) to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue). Reduction occurred optimally at the pHs of between 5.8 and 6.8 and temperatures of between 25 and 34 °C. Glucose was the best electron donor for supporting molybdate reduction followed by sucrose, fructose, glycogen, lactose, meso-inositol and glycerol in descending order. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration between 5.0 and 7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration of between 10 and 20 mM. The absorption spectrum of the Mo-blue produced was similar to previous Mo-reducing bacterium, and closely resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by Hg (ii), Ag (i), Cu (ii), As (v) and Pb (ii) at 84.7, 78.9, 53.5, 36.8 and 27.7 %, respectively. Analysis using phylogenetic analysis resulted in a tentative identification of the bacterium as Bacillus sp. strain khayat. The bacterium was unable utilize any of the xenobiotics as sources of electron donor for reduction but the bacterium was able to grow on diesel and SDS. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify several toxicants makes this bacterium an important tool for bioremediation of multiple toxicants

Isolation and characterization of a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterium

2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is utilized in the production of wood preservatives, dyes, and also as a pesticide. Human acute (short-term) exposure to 2,4-DNP in humans by means of oral exposure are nausea or vomiting, sweating, headaches, dizziness, and weight reduction. Thus, the removal of this compound is highly sought. A 2,4-DNP-degrading bacterium (isolate 1) was isolated from a sample soil from Terengganu. This bacterium (isolate 1) was characterized as a rod Gram positive, non-sporulated, and non-motile bacterium. The bacterium is oxidase negative and had catalase positive activity and was able to grow aerobically on 2,4-dinitrophenol as the sole carbon source. This bacterium showed maximal growth on 2,4-DNP at the temperature optimum of 30 °C, pH 5.0 and was tolerant to 2,4-DNP concentration of up to 0.5 mM (0.092 g/L). This bacterium prefers to use urea as the nitrogen source in addition to yeast extract for mineral source and vitamin precursors

Characterization of a molybdenum-reducing Acinetobacter baumannii strain Serdang 1 with the capacity to grow on phenol and acrylamide

Contamination of organic xenobiotic pollutants and heavy metals in a contaminated site allows the use of multiple bacterial degraders or bacteria with the ability to detoxify numerous toxicants at the same time. A previously isolated SDS- degrading bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii strain Serdang 1 was shown to reduce molybdenum to molybdenum-blue. The bacterium works optimally at pH 6.5, the temperature range between 25 and 34°C with glucose serves as the best electron donor for molybdate reduction. This bacterium required additional concentration of phosphate at 5.0 mM and molybdate between 15 and 25 mM. The absorption spectrum of the molybdenum blue obtained is similar to the molybdenum blue from other earlier reported molybdate reducing bacteria, as it resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate closely. Ag(i), As(v), Pb(ii) and Cu(ii) inhibited molybdenum reduction by 57.3, 36.8, 27.7 and 10.9%, respectively, at 1 p.p.m. Acrylamide was efficiently shown to support molybdenum reduction at a lower efficiency than glucose. Phenol, acrylamide and propionamide could support the growth of this bacterium independently of molybdenum reduction. This bacterium capability to detoxify several toxicants is an important tool for bioremediation in the tropical region