Effect of different dietary concentrations of brown marine algae (Sargassum dentifebium) prepared by different methods on plasma and yolk lipid profiles, yolk total carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin of laying hens

The effect of different concentrations (0%, 3% and 6%) of brown marine algae (BMA,<em> Sargassum dentifebium</em>) prepared according to different methods (sun-dried, SBMA; boiled, BBMA; autoclaved, ABMA) on plasma and yolk lipid profiles, carotene, and lutein plus zeaxanthin in egg yolks was studied in hens aged from 23 to 42 weeks (30 hens per treatment). We determined the fatty acid profiles in BMA and in the egg yolk of hens fed different levels of BMA prepared according to different methods. In addition, plasma and yolk lipid profiles, yolk total carotene, and lutein plus zeaxanthin were determined at week 42 of age. Plasma and yolk cholesterol were significantly lower in groups fed diets containing either 3% or 6% BMA than in the control group, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly decreased as BMA concentration increased. There was a significant similar decline in yolk triglycerides with inclusion of either 3% or 6% BMA in the laying hen diet. Palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acid (SFA) found in BMA and oleic acid (omega-9) and linoleic acid (omega-6) were the main unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), while there was a significant increase in palmitic acid in egg yolk when BMA was included at 6%. There was a significant increase in oleic acid (omega-9) when feed containing 3% BMA was given compared to the control group, but this decreased with a further increase in BMA. Linoleic acid (omega-6) also significantly decreased with inclusion of either 3% or 6% BMA. There was a significant increase in total carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin in the laying hen eggs as a result of feeding diets containing 3% and 6% BMA

Design, synthesis and molecular docking of new N-4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin-triazole hybrids with potential antimicrobial activity

New N-4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin-triazole hybrids 6a-o were prepared and characterized. The in vitro antimycobacterial activity revealed that compound 6a experienced promising antimycobacterial activity against Mycobactrium smegmatis compared with the reference isoniazide (INH). Additionally, compound 6a exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all the tested strains either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria compared with the reference ciprofloxacin. Also, compounds 6g and 6i displayed considerable antifungal activity compared with the reference ketoconazole. DNA cleavage assay of the highly active compounds 6c and 6h showed a good correlation between the Mycobactrium cleaved DNA gyrase assay and their in vitro antimycobactrial activity. Moreover, molecular modeling studies were done for the designed ciprofloxacin derivatives to predict their binding modes towards Topoisomerase II enzyme (PDB: 5bs8)