Bob-1 is expressed in classic Hodgkin lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Almost all researchers agree on the lack of Bob-1 expression in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), and utilize this marker as a diagnostic tool in conjunction with other markers to differentiate between lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma (LPHL) and CHL. AIM: To study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Bob-1 in Egyptian CHL and to correlate this expression with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin sections of randomly selected 18 CHL cases were included: 2 lymphocyte rich (LR), 4 mixed cellularity (MC), 10 nodular sclerosis (NS) and 2 lymphocyte depletion (LD). All cases were immunostained for Bob-1. EBV was evaluated by EBV early RNA transcripts in situ hybridization (EBER ISH) and immunostaining for EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). RESULTS: Sixty seven percent of cases (12/18) were positive for EBV by ISH and/or immunostaining for LMP-1. Moderate to strong nuclear Bob-1 was observed in 94% of cases. The positivity ranged between 25–100%. Bob-1 immunoreactivity was strongly associated with EBV positivity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study proves nuclear IHC expression of Bob-1 on H/RS in CHL implying the difficulties in applying this marker to differentiate between LPHL and CHL. Does this difference between Western and Egyptian CHL reflect genetic and/or environmental factors, or simply no difference exists as most researchers are concentrated on the Western population and no comparative studies have been done. Studies from other countries might answer this question

Smooth muscle actin and s100p on non germinal centre diffuse large B cell lymphoma are adverse prognostic factors: pilot study

INTRODUCTION: The expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and s100p has been identified on an aggressive retro-orbital diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [1]. AIM: To assess the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of SMA and s100p on DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty nine cases diagnosed as DLBCL were first classified into germinal centre (GC) B cell like and non GC origin either activated B cells (ABC) or type 3 based on their immunoreactivity for CD10, bcl-6 and Mum-1. Bcl-2 and MIB-1 as adverse prognostic factors were assessed. SMA and s100p were evaluated and correlated with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: Eleven cases (37.93%) positive for CD10 and/or bcl-6 were classified as GC B cell like subtype, 7 cases positive only for Mum-1 as ABC subtype (24.14%), and 11 cases double positive or negative for bcl-6 and Mum-1 were considered as type 3 (37.93%). Nuclear and cytoplasmic SMA and s100p were expressed in 58.62% and 51.72% of cases respectively and were strongly associated with the non GC like phenotype (p < 0.001 for SMA and p < 0.01 for s100p). SMA and s100p were strongly related to each other (p < 0.001). SMA was closely associated with bcl-2 and MIB-1 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.025 respectively), while s100p was only associated with bcl-2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SMA and s100p are expressed on non GC DLBCL and appear to be adverse prognostic factors. Future large studies evaluating their significance will be valuable to assess the different subgroups in clinical context. Lastly, this expression may lead to misdiagnosis of non hematopoeitic neoplasm if lymphoid markers are not included in the IHC panel

Breast spindle cell tumours: about eight cases

BACKGROUND: Breast spindle cell tumours (BSCTs), although rare, represent a heterogeneous group with different treatment modalities. This work was undertaken to evaluate the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating BSCTs. METHODS: FNAC of eight breast masses diagnosed cytologically as BSCTs was followed by wide excision biopsy. IHC using a panel of antibodies against vimentin, pan-cytokeratin, s100, desmin, smooth muscle actin, CD34, and CD10 was evaluated to define their nature. RESULTS: FNAC defined the tumors as benign (n = 4), suspicious (n = 2) and malignant (n = 3), based on the cytopathological criteria of malignancy. Following wide excision biopsy, the tumors were reclassified into benign (n = 5) and malignant (n = 3). In the benign group, the diagnosis was raised histologically and confirmed by IHC for 3 cases (one spindle cell lipoma, one myofibroblastoma and one leiomyoma). For the remaining two cases, the diagnosis was set up after IHC (one fibromatosis and one spindle cell variant of adenomyoepithelioma). In the malignant group, a leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed histologically, while IHC was crucial to set up the diagnosis of one case of spindle cell carcinoma and one malignant myoepithelioma. CONCLUSION: FNAC in BSCTs is an insufficient tool and should be followed by wide excision biopsy. The latter technique differentiate benign from malignant BSCTs and is able in 50% of the cases to set up the definite diagnosis. IHC is of value to define the nature of different benign lesions and is mandatory in the malignant ones for optimal treatment. Awareness of the different types of BSCTs prevents unnecessary extensive therapeutic regimes

SYNTHESIS OF NEW PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTICANCER AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this work is to synthesize new pyrimidine derivatives starting from ethyl 2,4-dioxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)butanoate.Several oxadiazole, triazole, and thiadiazole moieties were incorporated into the pyrimidine backbone. The structure of the novel compounds wascharacterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods.Methods: Synthesis of the target compounds was materialized starting from 2-oxo-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydropyrimidine-4-carbohydrazide (4)which was prepared from the appropriate ethyl 2-oxo-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3 dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate (2). Several synthetic pathways wereused for the preparation of the targets. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro cytotoxic screening against breastcarcinoma and colon carcinoma cell lines. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity evaluation of some newly prepared compounds was performedusing cup plate diffusion method.Results: It was observed that the oxadiazole derivative 7b was the most potent compound against breast carcinoma cell line (IC=7.6 μg/ml). However,pyrimidine carrying substituted 1,2,4-triazole-2-thione moiety at position 6, 11 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma cellline (IC50=4.7 μg/ml). On the other hand, compound 5c was the most active broad spectrum antimicrobial agent against the chosen microbial strains.Conclusion: From the observed results, further investigations recommended for the synthesis of heterocycles incorporated to pyrimidine backboneas cytotoxic as well as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Pyrimidine, Oxadiazole, Triazole, Thiadiazole, In vitro anticancer study, Antimicrobial study.5

Immunohistochemical expression of interleukin 8 in skin biopsies from patients with inflammatory acne vulgaris

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in skin biopsies of inflammatory acne vulgaris (IAV) in an attempt to understand the disease pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 biopsies, 29 from lesional IAV and 29 normal non lesional sites were immunostained for IL-8. The intensity of staining was evaluated in the epidermis and dermis and was scored as mild, moderate and severe. The expression was correlated with the clinical grade, disease course and histological changes. RESULTS: IL-8 immunoreactivity was expressed in lesional IAV compared to non lesional skin biopsies (p < 0.001). Increased expression was significantly associated with epidermal hyperplasia and follicular hyperkeratosis (p < 0.001). In addition, the more pronounced IL-8 expression of the dermal endothelial cells and neutophilic inflammatory infiltrate correlated with dermal angiogenesis and the extent of dermal inflammatory response (p < 0.001). Moreover, increased dermal immunoreactivity paralleled progressive course (p = 0.02) but not the duration of the disease. CONCLUSION: We were able to demonstrate altered immunoreactivity of IL-8 in IAV compared to normal skin. Targeted therapy to block IL-8 production may hold promise in limiting the deleterious effects of IL-8-mediated inflammatory response and angiogenesis

Građa i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2

Structural and optical properties of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) polycrystalline thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation were studied as a function of composition. The optical absorption spectra of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 thin films (x /=0) show four energy gaps (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 and Eg4 ) which are attributed to the fundamental edge, band splitting by crystal-field and spin-orbit splitting, and to transitions originating from copper 3d levels, respectively. The primary transition energies exhibit bowing behaviour expressed by the relationship Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . The second and third transition energies are higher than the primary transition energies by 0.10–0.11 eV and 0.18–0.185 eV, respectively. The effect of thermal treatment on the values of energy gaps is discussed in terms of the structure of the films. The primary transition energies of annealed CuGaxIn1−xSe2 can be fitted by the parabolic form Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2 .Proučavali smo strukturna i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, isparenih u vakuumu, u ovisnosti o sastavu (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75). Optički apsorpcijski spektri tankih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, (x /=0), pokazuju četiri energijska procijepa (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 i Eg4 ) koji se pridjeljuju osnovnom rubu, cijepanju vrpci kristalnim poljem i cijepanju spin-staza, odnosno prijelazima iz 3d stanja bakra. Prvotni prijelazi pokazuju kvadratnu ovisnost koju izražavamo relacijom Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . Druga i treća prijelazna energija su (0.10 − 0.11 eV) odnosno (0.18 − 0.185 eV) više od primarne prijelazne energije. Pomoću građe slojeva objašnjavamo učinak toplinske obrade na vrijednosti energijskih procijepa. Prvotne prijelazne energije opuštenog CuGaxIn1−xSe2 mogu se predstaviti kvadratnim izrazom Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2

Građa i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2

Structural and optical properties of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) polycrystalline thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation were studied as a function of composition. The optical absorption spectra of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 thin films (x /=0) show four energy gaps (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 and Eg4 ) which are attributed to the fundamental edge, band splitting by crystal-field and spin-orbit splitting, and to transitions originating from copper 3d levels, respectively. The primary transition energies exhibit bowing behaviour expressed by the relationship Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . The second and third transition energies are higher than the primary transition energies by 0.10–0.11 eV and 0.18–0.185 eV, respectively. The effect of thermal treatment on the values of energy gaps is discussed in terms of the structure of the films. The primary transition energies of annealed CuGaxIn1−xSe2 can be fitted by the parabolic form Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2 .Proučavali smo strukturna i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, isparenih u vakuumu, u ovisnosti o sastavu (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75). Optički apsorpcijski spektri tankih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, (x /=0), pokazuju četiri energijska procijepa (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 i Eg4 ) koji se pridjeljuju osnovnom rubu, cijepanju vrpci kristalnim poljem i cijepanju spin-staza, odnosno prijelazima iz 3d stanja bakra. Prvotni prijelazi pokazuju kvadratnu ovisnost koju izražavamo relacijom Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . Druga i treća prijelazna energija su (0.10 − 0.11 eV) odnosno (0.18 − 0.185 eV) više od primarne prijelazne energije. Pomoću građe slojeva objašnjavamo učinak toplinske obrade na vrijednosti energijskih procijepa. Prvotne prijelazne energije opuštenog CuGaxIn1−xSe2 mogu se predstaviti kvadratnim izrazom Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2

Vaccination Targeting a Surface Sialidase of P. acnes: Implication for New Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris afflicts more than fifty million people in the United State and the severity of this disorder is associated with the immune response to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Systemic therapies for acne target P. acnes using antibiotics, or target the follicle with retinoids such as isotretinoin. The latter systemic treatment is highly effective but also carries a risk of side effects including immune imbalance, hyperlipidemia, and teratogenicity. Despite substantial research into potential new therapies for this common disease, vaccines against acne vulgaris are not yet available. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Here we create an acne vaccine targeting a cell wall-anchored sialidase of P. acnes. The importance of sialidase to disease pathogenesis is shown by treatment of a human sebocyte cell line with recombinant sialidase that increased susceptibility to P. acnes cytotoxicity and adhesion. Mice immunized with sialidase elicit a detectable antibody; the anti-sialidase serum effectively neutralized the cytotoxicity of P. acnes in vitro and P. acnes-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human sebocytes. Furthermore, the sialidase-immunized mice provided protective immunity against P. acnes in vivo as this treatment blocked an increase in ear thickness and release of pro-inflammatory macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that acne vaccines open novel therapeutic avenues for acne vulgaris and other P. acnes-associated diseases