Identification of salmonella typhi by serological and molecular tests isolated from blood

Background:Salmonella Typhoid Diagnosis by Widal Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Objective:To study the Isolation and diagnosis of Salmonella typhi,diagnosis of the use of the widal test , diagnosis of Salmonella typhi) using PCR technique and Detection of Salmonella typhi. Patients and Methods:The study included the collection of 120 blood samples, with 59.16% (71) and female patients (40.83%), 49 years of age (60-1 years), 24.16% of patients in hospital and 75.83% Patients who are not in hospital. Results:The samples were initially identified using the Widal test as a traditional method of diagnosis and the rate was 75 positive and 45 negative, 20 blood samples were isolated from the suspected disease with typhoid fever, and the diagnosis of bacterial isolates was 17 Widal test (85% (P> 0.01) The isolates studied under the Polymerase Chain Reaction were detected as carriers of the Flic gene and 16.7%. Based on the emergence of a 599 bp package, a base pair of Nasted PCR was the size of 360bp base pair in the gel A significant difference was found (P> 0.01). Conclusion:Serological methods have been shown to be less effective in laboratory diagnosis to diagnose typhoid fever. The molecular diagnosis of PCR can be relied upon as a more accurate diagnosis of typhoid fever infection than the bacterial isolates that own a Flic gene

Bacteriological Study of the Bacteria Cause Urinary Tract Infection of Patients Admitted to Cardiac Care Unite a Baqubah General Teaching Hospital

Background:Urinary tract infection patient Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI ) one of commonest types of  patient admitted to CCU ( cardiac care unit )  of other medical wards this is occur directly from contact to infected hand or material or during catheterization. Objective:To evaluation common bacterial cause UTI in patients admitted Cardiac Care Unite to show the antimicrobial agent and bacteria resistant and production the biofilm. Patients and Methods: Collection of samples from urine aseptically for culture.Isolation and identification of uropathogens using biochemical tests and testing ability of these bacterial isolation for virulence production and testing the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Results: It is A total of 135 catheter samples  were collected from  patient (135) catheter samples from patients in CCU at Baqubah General Teaching Hospital for the period from  1st November 2016 to 1st   March 2017 frommales and female, and the samples and cultured on the medium blood agar and MacConkey agar.  Then growing bacterial farms subjected to microscopic and biochemical tests for the diagnosis of bacteria. Escherichia coli with a ratio 31.8% , and (20)isolations of Proteus mirabilis with a ratio 18.2%, 16 isolates of  Klebsiella pneumonia,  (14) isolations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a ratio  12.7% .The Antimicrobial sensitivity is investigated for (9) antibiotics  from different groups including; The results show a high resistance to most of the antibiotics under study, and resistance all isolates ware of Aztreonam ,Cefotaxime , Co-Trimoxazol with ratio   95% , Naldixic acid with ratio 100%,  Tetracycline  75% , Gentamycin  70%  and Antimicrobial sensitivity to antibiotics  to Amikacin  45%  followed by Ciproflaxcin  50%  and tobramycin  80% . All kinds of bacteria were produced in biofilm in the ELISA method with a ratio 100% ,while Congo red with a ratio 50%. Conclusion: It was observed that multiple antibiotic resistance was common among local isolates of the bacteria under study and Biofilms are important in protecting the bacteria inside the catheter from antibiotics. Key words:Gram Negative bacteria, Antibiotics ,Biofilm ,Urinary Tract Infection , cardiac care unit

Genetic study of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Different Environmental Source

Background: Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus are from nurses and serious task because of the ability to cause various types of injuries at different locations of the body, and that pathogenesis has nothing to do with their ability to produce many virulence factors.  Objective: To detection of virulence genes for Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different environmental source . Patients and Methods: The  study  involves  isolation and ldentifieation of 60 bacterial isolate ,10 of them  was identified as Staphylococcus aureus ,which is collected different environments (soil ,water) . This study focused on the pathogenic bacteria S.aureus which was isolated from the natural sources (soil ,water ) and was compared with S.aureus isolated from clinical samples isolates obtained from different clinical cases from Baquba General Teaching Hospital. Results: This study includes 10 samples of  Staphylococcus aureus  that isolated from soil and water, 10 samples of Staphylococcus aureus  that isolated from hospital, identification it and detection of resistant genes by used Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. 4 isolates were identified genetical by 16srRNA gene and detection of resistant genesfemA, nucby used Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The results of the genetic identification of the 16srRNA using  polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealed that all S.aureus isolates were positive (100%) and the results of  resistant gene femA revealed that among 2 isolated belong to pathogenic S.aureus one isolate contains this gene (50%), whilst 2 isolates belong to S.aureus from the environment do not contain this gene (100%) . The PCR result for the nuc gene indicated that among each 2 isolated belong to pathogenic (clinical) S.aureus isolate one (1) isolate contain this gene (50%), whilst 2 isolates belong to S.aureus from the environment do not contain this gene (100%).  Conclusion: Resistant gene femA get found in  pathogenic S.aureus one isolate contains this gene , whilst isolates belong to S.aureus from the environment do not contain this gene , the nuc gene get found in pathogenic (clinical) S.aureus isolate one (1) isolate contain this gene , whilst  isolates belong to S.aureus from the environment do not contain this gene .                                                                                              

A Comparative study of some Immunological and Molecular Techniques to Detect Cytomegalovirus in patients with Kidney Failure in Diyala Governort

Background: Kidney failure can be defined as the total failure of toxins and waste from filtration the blood. This disease is characterized by reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to about 20-50% , resulting in the failure to regulate the amount of fluid in the body and it is divided into two types  acute and chronic renal failure .The immunity of patients with haemodialysis becomes weak and this cause viral infections such as     Cytomegalovirus human cells. Objective: To determine the relationship between kidney failure and Cytomegalovirus human cells and compare the molecular and immunological techniques in diagnose this virus.               Patients and Methods: Seventy blood sample were collected from patients with kidney failure after diagnosis by specialists in the Ibn Sina Centre for dialysis and 20 individuals as acontrol. The IgG and IgM were detected by ELISA , in addition the diagnose of virus by cassette and compare the results of CMV diagnosis(by ELISA technique) with molecular technique (PCR) results. Results: ELISA  results showed that the incidence of CMV  IgG was 25 patients (35.7%)  while IgM was in 5 patient (7.1%). The incidence of IgG in males was (56%). In females was (44%). while the result of IgM in male was (100%) and In females (5) The results of cassette  showed CMV virus was seropositivity (21.4%) for males and females with very high difference observed between the two groups of study and more differences were observed between test results and sex between test results and age groups, and showed a positive PCR test results of interaction (66.6%) and (20) of (30) sample tested after ELISA techniques to detect  IgG and IgM in comparison among three techniques used by PCR technique the best  technique were IgG and IgM ELISA test results and test cassette  and technique PCR molecular are 21.4% and 7.1% and 35.7% and 66.6%.         Conclusion: The results showed that Cytomegalovirus has relationship with chronic and acute renal failure and can affect the patient's immune status. our results can provide an advanced diagnosis of viral infections among patients in hospitals in Iraq

Evaluation of markers CD4+, CD8+, IFN-γ in male smokers in diayla governorate / Iraq

Background: Cigarette smoking habit is widely distribute in the whole world, obviously this bad habit responsible on many diseases which affect the general personal health of the smokers through its effect on the organs of the body in general and the immune system in particular. Objective:To determination of the smoking effect on some immunity parameters and compare the results with the non-smokers by using IFN-γ, CD4+and CD8+. Patients and Methods: 45 of smokers blood samples and 44 of non-smokers blood samples are collected. The levels of cellular of IFN-γ,CD4+and CD8+has been determined by using sandwich ELISA test. Results: The study included 45 smoker that have the average age of 29.60 ( ± ) 10.36 year, while the healthy non-smokers group have 44 person who's have the average age of 26.56 ( ± ) 9.09 years old. When comparing the level of CD4+T cells ,CD8+T and the level of IFN-γwith the number of cigarettes consumed per day, the class (20-1) was found to be the highest average of T cells.while (40-21) were less than average, with no significant difference. When comparing the level of CD4+T cells and the level of CD8+T cells with IFN-γwith smoking duration, the highest mean T-cell (10-6) years and the lowest mean (25-21). The results of the present study showed a statistically significant association between CD4+, CD8+and IFN-γmolecules. Conclusion: The general results of the tests on the effect of smoking on immunologic markers CD4+, CD8+and IFN-γassumed an increase in the ratio of the three indicators compared to the control group

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus that Isolated from Cosmetics Products and Detection resistant Genes by used Specialized molecular Markers

Background:Cosmetics as well as  (Make-up)  are used to enhance the appearance or odor of the body and many cosmetics are designed to be placed on the face or hair. Cosmetics is an essential substance of growth and development of many types of micro-organisms because they contain nutrients facilitate the growth of these organisms. Objective: Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by used 16srRNA gene and detection of virulence genes etb , mec A. Patients and Methods: This study includes 100 samples of cosmetic products which are the Compact powder , Foundation , Lipstick and  Mascara . Isolated Staphylococcus aureus , identification it and detection of resistant genes by used Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. Results: 35 isolates  were identified as Staphylococcus aureus . 4 isolates were identified genetical by 16srRNA gene and 3 isolates detection of resistant genes mecA, etb by used Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The results of the genetic identification of the 16srRNA using (PCR) , revealed that all S.aureus isolates which were 4 were  positive and the results of  resistant genes mec A and etb revealed that all S.aureus isolates which were 3 isolates were containing mec A gene depending on the appearance of band asize of(300 base pair) in the agarose gel and all S.aureus isolates were not containing etb gene .  Conclusion: It was observed that all S. aureus isolates were resistant for methicillin and that all S.aureus isolates have not Endothelin receptor Type B