Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of some nickel(II) mixed ligands complexes of dithiocarbamate and 1,10-phenanthroline

Two ligands; pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioate sodium (L1) and piperidine-1-carbodithioate sodium salt(L2) and their nickel(II) mixed ligands complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (L3) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible,1H NMR spectra. The biological activities of these complexes were also evaluated. The spectral data indicated that the 1,10-phenanthrolineand dithiocarbamate ligands are considered as a bidentate nitrogen and sulfur ligands, respectively. The study suggested that the above ligands formed complexes of general formula [Ni(Lx)2(L3)1] and [Ni(Lx)1(L3)2]Cl (x=1 or 2) mononuclear (monomer) complexes. The complexes show moderate and selective activity against tested microorganisms

The influence of body temperature on MAC of halothane in the rabbit determined using controlled mechanical and heat stimulation

The determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of any inhalation anaesthetic requires repeated application of the stimulus. The investigation of the influence of body temperature on MAC in the same animal, requires even more applications of the stimulus. The use of what is commonly known as a "supramaximal stimulus", beyond which there is no increase in MAC with any further increase in stimulus intensity, is generally held to provide for the reproducibility of MAC. However, there are many conflicting reports with regard to the MAC values obtained using "supramaximal stimuli" and with the interpretation of results.In this study the unreliability of the "supramaximal stimulus", in the form of tail clamping using a haemostat for the determination of MAC of halothane in the rabbit, was established. The use of this technique was demonstrated, both grossly and histologically, to cause severe trauma and lacerations that may have altered the sensitivity of the sensory mechanisms as indicated by the great variability in the values of MAC obtained on subsequent determinations in the same animal. Also, the technique appeared to disregard modern physiological concepts on receptor thresholds, inflammation and hyperalgesia.Therefore, it was decided to explore more reliable techniques of stimulation. Controlled mechanical and heat stimulators were devised and used for the determination of MAC of halothane in the rabbit as the body temperature was manipulated to test the effect of environmental heating or cooling on MAC.The mechanical stimulator is a form of pincer driven by compressed air, and is operated from a control panel with a manual trigger. It is capable of delivering a precise stimulus at a preselected pressure to the target site (ear pinna). The stimulus was calculated in terms of Newtons per unit surface area after calibration of the device using gram weights. The heat stimulator was designed to deliver a controlled, preset focal heat stimulus from a heat lamp for a preselected duration The device is V operated through a system of electronic circuits controlling the temperature and time. With both stimulators, a just noxious level of stimulation was applied.The mechanical and heat stimulators shared some common advantages over the established clamping techniques used for the determination of MAC. Firstly, both of them were shown to be capable of delivering precise stimuli in terms of amount, duration and rate of application. The control of such components of the stimulus is essential for the reproducibility and interpretation of results, particularly in the ever growing field of comparative studies. Secondly, the stimulus applied by both stimulators was recordable. This allows for the calculation and the calibration of the applied stimulus and, together with the electronically measured and recorded movement response, it was also possible to calculate the response time.At normothermia, the MAC values of halothane determined in the rabbit usingnondestructive stimuli from either stimulator were found to be consistent and reproducible. Hyperthermia (rectal temperature of 40.6 °C +/- 0.3 (SD) was demonstrated to cause a significant increase in MAC of halothane (12.3% per 1°C rise in body temperature) when determined using a mechanical stimulus of 1.37 +/- 0.04 (SD) N/mm^. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected in MAC determined using a focal heat stimulus of 54.35 °C +/- 0.09 (SD) in hyperthermic rabbits (41.6 °C +/- 0.4 (SD). Hypothermia of 4 °C was shown to reduce the MAC of halothane in the rabbit by 50% (12.8% per 1 °C drop in body temperature) to a focal heat stimulus of 54.3 °C, and by 35.1% (9 % per 1 °C decrease in body temperature) to a mechanical stimulus of 1.39 - 1.41 N/mm^. By extrapolation of results, it was predicted that the "anaesthetising body temperature", at which no halothane would be required to abolish movement response to such stimuli, would be 31.0 °C and 27.7 °C for the heat and mechanical stimuli respectively. It is concluded that, normal doses of potent anaesthetics similar to halothane should probably be considerably reduced in hypothermic rabbits, which must be closely monitored for signs of overdose.In the initial stages of this study some problems were encountered regarding the determination of MAC in hyperthermic rabbits due to the difficulty in the control of animal heating. As a result a section of this thesis was devoted to the establishment of a controlled and reliable heating and cooling protocol, with some emphasis on selected cardiopulmonary parameters and some stimulus-related responses. A body temperature of 42.0 °C appeared to represent a critical temperature in the rabbit above which the normal physiological responses are interfered with and also above that temperature, induced cooling was ineffective in reducing the body temperature.Stimulus-related responses, other than movement, included changes in arterial blood pressure, apnoea and hyperpnoea. Such responses, particularly those of the arterial blood pressure, showed both quantitative and qualitative inconsistency. Therefore it was concluded that these responses are not reliable end points for the determination of MAC in the rabbit. On the other hand, the provoked movement of the head and or limbs, remains unchallenged as the most reliable end point for the determination of MAC

Behavior of Solution of Singularly Perturbed Difference Equations with Quadratic Small Parameter

في هذا البحث قدمنا تقريب جديد لحل نظام معادلات الفروقات للاضطراب المنفرد مع معلمة تربيعية. كذلك درسنا تقريب الحلول في حالات معينة، كذلك كونا الحل العام لهذه المسألة. حصلنا على صيغة الحدود للحل التقريبي، وأخيرا قدمنا أمثلة التي تتعلق بموضوع البحث.In this paper we introduced a new asymptotic solution of  system of singularly perturbed difference equations with quadratic small parameter . We study a behavior of asymptotic  solution with certain cases , also we constructed the general solution of this problem. We obtained a formula for the terms of expansion solution, finally illustrated examples are given in this paper. &nbsp

Total Quality Management as a Philosophy to Improve the Performance of the Academic Organization

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of total quality management as a philosophy for improvement in the academic organization, as it represents a necessary trend in developing the activities of many organizations in the light of globalization and the challenges that these organizations face, in order to bring about fundamental developments, and the use of that philosophy as an effective means towards customer satisfaction and meeting his requirements.   Theoretical framework: Total quality management is regarded as one of the contemporary concepts that concentrates on a set of administrative principles; if it has been applied in organization, it will succeed in achieving quality.   Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire of 60-item has been used. The sample comprised 65 academic staff members from various parts of the organization. According to the purpose of the study, two main hypotheses were formulated. A set of statistical method  of spss vr.24.  has been used.     Findings: It is concluded that supporting and adopting the total quality will be fruitful as a successful business philosophy for the continuity by creating appropriate requirements and conditions.   Research/Practical/Social Implications: Establishing the desire towards change by following the best by individuals and adopting stimulus programs that reinforce their ability to realize cognitive new ness.   Originality/Value:  The value of the study is that the organization's interest in the social aspect and its adoption confirms the organization's adaptation to the requirements of society

The impact of virtual tools on EFL learners’ performance in Grammar at the times of COVID 19 Pandemic

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of virtual tools on EFL learners’ performance in grammar courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This experimental study compared a group of students who took a grammar course remotely via the Blackboard platform during the COVID-19 pandemic to a control group who took the same course in person prior to the pandemic. Each group of participants (n = 30) was given the same test. The grades of the two groups were then analysed using the SPSS programme. The results demonstrate that the experimental group test grades were higher than those of the control group grades. suggesting that teaching grammar remotely has a positive influence on EFL learners\u27 performance, as compared to face-to-face instruction, which has been proven to have a lesser impact. As a result, the researchers would promote a hybrid of virtual and face-to-face teaching. As a result, the researchers would promote a hybrid of virtual and face-to-face teaching. More studies on the causes of lower grades in face-to-face classes, as well as suggestions for strategies to improve learners\u27 performance in all aspects of the English language, not just grammar, are requested. Furthermore, each country has its own educational policy, so different results may arise in different contexts. Educators and policymakers may use this study as a reference for the effectiveness of virtual vs. face-to-face instruction, opening the doors for future research on similar topics within the same them

Preparation And Immobilization Of Palladium(ii) And Nickel(ii) Salen Complexes Onto Mcm-41 From Rice Husk For Suzuki-Miyaura And Oxidation Reactions

MCM-41 daripada abu sekam padi (RHA) telah berjaya disintesis dangan menggunakan cetiltrimetilammonium bromida sebagai agen pegasal melalui kaedah sol-gel pada sahu 100 oC. MCM-41 telah difungsikan dengan 3- kloropropiltrietoksisilana (CPTES) sebagai agen pencantuman dan pepejal yang diperoleh dilabel sebagai Cl-MCM-41. MCM-41 was successfully prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a directing agent via sol-gel method at 100 oC. MCM-41 was functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) as a functioning agent and the solid obtained was labeled as Cl-MCM-41

Focused and collimated Gaussian laser beam scintillation in weakly turbulent marine atmospheric medium

The scintillation index on the axis for Gaussian beams focused and collimated in weak marine turbulence is formulated via the usage of Rytov method. The average bit error rate is evaluated using this formulation. The scintillation index and versus propagation distance and source size are determined by using the log-normal distributed. Intensity for the collimated and focused. Gaussian beams, which are exhibited for wavelength, source size, focal length, and . The focused beams are revealing more advantageous than collimated beams in an atmospheric marine environment. The findings of this study are significant for optical communication system performance in this layer

Pragmatic Explicitation Strategy in Rendering of Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North into English: A Socio-cultural Study

The current paper aims to  study critically how the translator(Denys Johnson-Davies) has employed  explicitation strategy in rendering the novel of Tayeb Salih's'' Season of Migration to the North into English''. The objective of the study is to examine the usage of explicitation strategy by the intended  translator in rendering the novel  from Arabic into English. The novel has many complicated symbols  and  many literary and thematic techniques such as the reference to the Nile, the sand, the palm tree which may pose  some  lexical and cultural challenges for the translator to reproduce the text into the target language. The data to be analyzed here is a set of  selected expressions chosen randomly from various pages  of the intended  novel. The selected data were then classified on the basis of reasons for which explicitation strategy was used and the effectiveness of explicitation strategy in rendering  some cultural expressions into English . The result of the study reveals  that the translator (Denys Johnson-Davies)has resorted to some  types of explicitation strategy categorized by Klaudy. They are : the obligatory, optional and pragmatic  explicitation such as (addition ,substitution ,  recasts and  narrowing ( specification). Keywords: Explicitation Strategy, symbols, challenges, pragmatic, addition, substitution DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/57-05 Publication date:June 30th 201

Etude de la vibration transversale pour les nanotubes en carbone

Cette étude est consacrée sur le comportement dynamique des poutres composites en matériaux graduellement évalués à travers l’épaisseur. Notre travail est consacré à l’analyse des fréquences normales des poutres composites en FGM utilisées dans le renforcement des structures en génie civil souvent soumises à des chargements vibratoires dus aux séismes. Les caractéristiques de vibration des poutres spécifiques telles que les poutres encastrées libres et orthotropiques sont étudiées sans inclure la déformation due au cisaillement et à l’inertie de rotation. Nous introduisons les effets de la déformation transversale due au cisaillement et l’inertie de rotation pour la prévision précise des fréquences normales. Une application aux nanotubes en carbone a été étudiée.This study concerns the dynamic behavior of composite beams gradually evaluated through the thickness materials. Our work is devoted to the analysis of natural frequencies of composite beams FGM used in building structures in civil engineering often subjected to vibration loads due to earthquakes. The vibration characteristics of specific beams such as free and orthotropic fixed beams are studied without including deformation due to shear and rotational inertia. We introduce the effects of transverse deformation due to shear and rotational inertia for the accurate prediction of normal frequencies. An application to carbon nanotubes was investigated. Cette étude est consacrée sur le comportement dynamique des poutres composites en matériaux graduellement évalués à travers l’épaisseur. Notre travail est consacré à l’analyse des fréquences normales des poutres composites en FGM utilisées dans le renforcement des structures en génie civil souvent soumises à des chargements vibratoires dus aux séismes. Les caractéristiques de vibration des poutres spécifiques telles que les poutres encastrées libres et orthotropiques sont étudiées sans inclure la déformation due au cisaillement et à l’inertie de rotation. Nous introduisons les effets de la déformation transversale due au cisaillement et l’inertie de rotation pour la prévision précise des fréquences normales. Une application aux nanotubes en carbone a été étudiée

Etude d’une console en matériaux piézo-thermo-élastique

Dans la première partie de ce travail, des expressions analytiques ont été déterminées  pour les contraintes à travers l'épaisseur d'une poutre composite soumise à une excitation électrique. Dans la deuxième partie de cette étude, on s’intéresse à la  théorie de l'élasticité qui est utilisée pour obtenir des solutions exactes des consoles piezo-thermo-élastique graduellement évaluée sous différents chargements couplés. Ces solutions sont utilisées pour identifier le paramètre piézoélectrique et les coefficients thermiques des matériaux. En outre, des résultats numériques sont obtenus pour l’analyse de la console chargée par deux différents types de chargement. Dans cette partie d’étude on montre aussi que le changement linéaire des paramètres thermiques du matériau n’influe  pas sur la distribution de la contrainte et l'induction de  la poutre. Cependant il influe sur les composants de la déformation, champ électrique, le déplacement et le potentiel électrique de la console.In the first part of this work, analytical expressions were determined for the stresses through the thickness of a composite beam submitted to electrical excitation. In the second part of this study we are interested in the theory of elasticity, which is used to obtain exact solutions of piezo-thermo-elastic consoles gradually coupled evaluated under different loads. These solutions are used to identify the piezoelectric parameter and thermal coefficients of the materials. In addition, numerical results are obtained for the analysis of the loaded console by two different types of loading. In this study we show also that changing the linear thermal parameters of the material does not affect the distribution of the stress and the induction of the beam. However it affetcs the components of the deformation, electric field, the displacement and the electric potential of the console.  Dans la première partie de ce travail, des expressions analytiques ont été déterminées  pour les contraintes à travers l'épaisseur d'une poutre composite soumise à une excitation électrique. Dans la deuxième partie de cette étude, on s’intéresse à la  théorie de l'élasticité qui est utilisée pour obtenir des solutions exactes des consoles piezo-thermo-élastique graduellement évaluée sous différents chargements couplés. Ces solutions sont utilisées pour identifier le paramètre piézoélectrique et les coefficients thermiques des matériaux. En outre, des résultats numériques sont obtenus pour l’analyse de la console chargée par deux différents types de chargement. Dans cette partie d’étude on montre aussi que le changement linéaire des paramètres thermiques du matériau n’influe  pas sur la distribution de la contrainte et l'induction de  la poutre. Cependant il influe sur les composants de la déformation, champ électrique, le déplacement et le potentiel électrique de la console.