Casirivimab/İmdevimab: Evcil Hayvanlarda COVID-19 Tedavisi İçin Olası Bir Aday: Geleneksel Derleme

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), over the last 3 years has globally resulted in catastrophic widespread losses. Prevention and control of this disease has become a global priority for researchers and medical professionals due to high mortality rates, treatment costs and various losses (economic and fatalities). In recent times, the fact that cats and dogs living in households which are being affected by the disease has caused panic among pet owners and animal lovers. Studies have shown that cats, especially young cats, are the group of animals which are most affected. Therefore, the treatment of COVID-19 in animals is an important topic for veterinary medicine. Monoclonal antibodies have also been considered a possible treatment modality due to the use of various agents to treat COVID-19 and the lack of clear demonstration of their efficacy. Casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD) is a monoclonal antibody cocktail approved for treating COVID-19. There was a high expectation that CAS/IMD combination directly affects the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptors, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the virus. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that CAS/IMD combination positively affects the prognosis of patients suffering from COVID-19, speeds up the recovery process and increases survival. We suggest that CAS/IMD can be considered protective in COVID-19 positive dogs and cats. The aim of this article is to review the studies related to the beneficial effects of CAS/IMD and its possible effectiveness in animals with COVID-19 to promote their research in future studies.Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID- 19)], son 3 yılda küresel olarak trajik yaygın kayıplara neden oldu. Bu hastalığın önlenmesi ve kontrolü; yüksek ölüm oranları, tedavi maliyetleri ve diğer çeşitli kayıplar (ekonomik ve ölümler) nedeniyle araştırmacılar ve medikal uzmanları için küresel bir öncelik hâline gelmiştir. Son zamanlarda hastalıktan etkilenen hanelerde yaşayan kedi ve köpeklerin olması, evcil hayvan sahipleri ve hayvanseverler arasında da paniğe neden oldu. Araştırmalar, kedilerin, özellikle genç kedilerin, en çok etkilenen hayvan grubu olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle hayvanlarda COVID-19 tedavisi veteriner hekimliği için önemli bir konudur. Monoklonal antikorlar, COVID-19’u tedavi etmek için çeşitli ajanların kullanılması ve etkinliklerinin net bir şekilde gösterilmemesi nedeniyle olası bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD), COVID-19 tedavisi için onaylanmış bir monoklonal antikor kokteylidir. CAS/IMD kombinasyonunun, virüsün patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynayan anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim-2 reseptörlerini doğrudan etkilediği yönünde yüksek bir beklenti vardı. Deneysel ve klinik çalışmalar, CAS/IMD kombinasyonunun, COVID-19’dan muzdarip hastaların prognozunu olumlu yönde etkilediğini, iyileşme sürecini hızlandırdığını ve sağkalım oranını artırdığını göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla CAS/IMD’nin COVID-19 pozitif köpek ve kedilerde koruyucu olarak kabul edilebileceğini öneriyoruz. Bu derlemenin amacı, CAS/IMD’nin faydalı etkileri ile ilgili çalışmaları ve gelecekteki araştırmaları teşvik etmek için COVID-19’lu hayvanlarda CAS/IMD’nin olası etkinliğinin gözden geçirilmesidir

Novel hybridized computational paradigms integrated with five stand-alone algorithms for clinical prediction of HCV status among patients: A data-driven technique

The emergence of health informatics opens new opportunities and doors for different disease diagnoses. The current work proposed the implementation of five different stand-alone techniques coupled with four different novel hybridized paradigms for the clinical prediction of hepatitis C status among patients, using both sociodemographic and clinical input variables. Both the visualized and quantitative performances of the stand-alone algorithms present the capability of the Gaussian process regression (GPR), Generalized neural network (GRNN), and Interactive linear regression (ILR) over the Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. Hence, due to the lower performance of the stand-alone algorithms at a certain point, four different novel hybrid data intelligent algorithms were proposed, including: interactive linear regression-Gaussian process regression (ILR-GPR), interactive linear regression-generalized neural network (ILR-GRNN), interactive linear regression-Support Vector Regression (ILR-SVR), and interactive linear regression-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ILR-ANFIS), to boost the prediction accuracy of the stand-alone techniques in the clinical prediction of hepatitis C among patients. Based on the quantitative prediction skills presented by the novel hybridized paradigms, the proposed techniques were able to enhance the performance efficiency of the single paradigms up to 44% and 45% in the calibration and validation phases, respectively.Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, North Cyprus, Mersin-10, Turkiy

Antidepressant effect of Gentiana olivieri Griseb. in male rats exposed to chronic mild stress

Background: The flowering parts of Gentiana olivieri, known as ‘Afat’ in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, are used as a tonic, an appetizer, and for the treatment of several mental disorders, including depression. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effect of G. olivieri ethanol extract (GOEE) in a chronic mild stress-induced rat model, which was used to mimic a depressive state in humans, and to compare the effect with that of imipramine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, stress, treated with imipramine (positive control) and treated with GOEE at three different (200, 500, 1000 mg/kg) doses groups. The rats in all groups, except the control group, were exposed to chronic mild stress. At the end of the 3-week experimental period, biochemical and beha- vioral parameters were examined. Results: The results showed that treatment with GOEE or imipramine significantly improved rats’ sucrose consumption which was diminished by chronic mild stress, restored serum levels of corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), prevented the increase of liver index of rats. Moreover, in the hippocampus tissue, decreased serotonin and noradrenaline levels were significantly increased by treatment with GOEE or imipramine, and antioxidant parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) were significantly improved by treatment with GOEE though not with imipramine. Conclusion: The data demonstrate that G. olivieri may exert its antidepressant activity by improving monoaminergic system disorders, and by favorably affecting the antioxidant, inflammatory and the endocrine mechanisms

Chronobiological efficacy of combined therapy of pelargonium sidoides and melatonin in acute and persistent cases of COVID-19: A hypothetical approach

Since the outbreak of the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in China, pharmacists have rapidly engaged and developed strategies for pharmaceutical care and supply. According to the guidelines of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), clinical pharmacists/hospital pharmacists, as members of care teams, play one of the most important roles in the pharmaceutical care of patients with COVID-19. During this pandemic, many immuno-enhancing adjuvant agents have become critical in addition to antivirals and vaccines in order to overcome the disease more easily. The liquid extract obtained from the Pelargonium sidoides plant is used for many indications such as colds, coughs, upper respiratory tract infections, sore throat, and acute bronchitis. The extract obtained from the roots of the plant has been observed to have antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. In addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, melatonin plays a role in suppressing the cytokine storm that can develop during COVID-19 infection. Knowing that the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms vary within 24 hours and/or in different time periods indicates that COVID-19 requires a chronotherapeutic approach. Our goal in the management of acute and long COVID is to synchronize the medication regimen with the patient’s biological rhythm. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the existing and emerging literature on the chronobiological use of Pelargonium sidoides and melatonin during acute and prolonged COVID-19 episodes