Recent advances of graphene-based materials for emerging technologies

Due to their exceptional thermal, electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical capabilities as well as their substantial specific surface area, graphene-based materials have gained a great deal of attention in recent years. For use in energy storage, electronics, gas sorption, separation, sensing, and catalysis, a wide range of graphene-related materials have been synthesized. Particularly, graphene has been hailed as the perfect material to advance emerging technologies. For practical applications, their high cost and low yield continue to be major obstacles. High-quality graphene is synthesized on a massive scale using a variety of methods. The design and management of the synthesis methods can be used to produce certain structural characteristics. Therefore, this review explains the several ways to make graphene. Moreover, its uses in a variety of disciplines, particularly in emerging technologies, such as energy, environment, membranes, coatings, biomedicine, and sensors have been discussed. This review article concludes by providing a succinct summary, highlighting the issues, and outlining the potential for graphene

Recent advancement of electrically rechargeable alkaline Metal-Air batteries for future mobility

A popular recommendation for next-generation electrochemical energy storage applications such as electric vehicles or grid energy storage are metal-air batteries, which theoretically offer an energy density that is substantially higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. The difficulties with the metal anode, air cathode, and electrolyte have prevented them from reaching their full potential. Before metal-air batteries can become a realistic reality and be widely used, these issues must be appropriately addressed. Moreover, automotive emissions are one of the biggest contributors to global emissions. Hence, battery electric vehicles that run entirely on electricity, mainly from renewable energy sources, are the panacea for the challenges we are currently facing to mitigate global climate change caused by the combustion of conventional fuel. A further critical challenge is the material shortage and their cost for cutting-edge lithium-ion batteries. This paper discusses recent developments and issues in alkaline metal air batteries, including anode, air cathode, and e electrolyte. It also explains the fundamental principles and concepts of electrochemical reactions. Future research directions are discussed to ensure this promise can become a reality. The cycle capability, the range, the costs, the service life, the discharge as well as the charging rate have also been conferred

Recent Advancement of Electrically Rechargeable Di-Trivalent Metal-Air Batteries for Future Mobility

Metal-air batteries offer high power densities, environmental friendliness, long lifetimes, and availability compared to lithium-ion batteries, making them ideal for sustainable energy storage in electric cars and grid applications. However, carbon-rich fuel-powered automobiles are the largest contributors to global emissions, making sustainable transportation solutions crucial. Aligned with this, electric vehicles are gaining attention due to high oil prices, climate change concerns, and government taxation. The market is expected to remain dynamic in the coming decades, with costs dwindling. Hence, pure electric vehicles, powered by rechargeable battery packs, are the panacea for the challenges we are currently facing to mitigate climate change due to the combustion of conventional fuels. Additionally, battery technologies are advancing, easing consumer concerns about range-cursing anxiety and safety, but they still face issues with metal anodes, electrolytes, and air cathodes. This review examines the current status of divalent (Mg) and trivalent (Al) metal-air battery applications for electric mobility, focusing on cyclability, cruising range, lifespan, safety, and discharge and charging rate. The review also discusses potential remedies and future research prospects

Highly sensitive detection of bacteria (E. Coli) endotoxin using novel PANI-benzimidazole-Ag nanocomposite by DMMB dye displacement assay

In the present study, a new biochemical biosensor material of conductive Silver (Ag) reinforced polyaniline (PANI)-Benzimidazole copolymer nanocomposite was fabricated via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method for the detection of endotoxin. The fabricated PANI-Benz-Ag nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV–visible spectrometer, DSC, TGA, Zeta-potential, SEM, TEM, and Confocal fluorescence imaging microscopy. The measured particle size, zeta-potential, and conductivity of the PANI-Benz-Ag nanocomposite were 4.942 nm, −10.4 mV, and 73.7 μ S cm ^−1 respectively. The crystallite size of Ag nanoparticles was around 67 nm calculated by XRD analysis and TGA analysis was carried out to determine weight loss and thermal stabilities of PANI-Benz and PANI-Benz-Ag nanocomposite. The endotoxin ( E. coli) bacteria detection ability of the synthesized PANI-Benz-Ag nanocomposite-based biochemical biosensor using DMMB dye displacement assay through the hitchhiking method by confocal fluorescence microscopy was found to be simple and effective. Endotoxin (E. coli) can form a stable interaction with other bioactive molecules and thus it binds readily with Ag-doped PANI-Benzimidazole nanocomposite. Further, the DMMB dye displacement assay method is more accurate and sensitive than the other existing methods for the detection of endotoxin

Structural and thermal properties of pure and chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

Highlights Pure ZnO and Cr–ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using a facile and cost effective technique. The as prepared samples of pure ZnO and Cr–ZnO nanoparticles show wurtzite structure. Cr doped ZnO nanoparticles showed a higher surface area than that of un-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The synergetic effect of Cr and ZnO nanoparticles attributed to good thermal stability and high surface area