Weed Management Effects on Weed Dynamics, Yield and Economics of Spring Maize at Dang, Nepal

Weeds pose a significant challenge in maize fields in the Dang district, leading to a substantial 52% reduction in yield. Hence, this study was conducted in Satbariya village of Dang, Nepal, in 2023 to evaluate the impact of various weed management practices on weed dynamics, growth, and yield of spring maize. The experiment included seven treatments: a weedy check, weed-free plot, pre-emergence application of atrazine at 1.25 a.i. kg/ha (AtPrE), post-emergence application of atrazine at 1.25 a.i. kg/ha (AtPoE), manual weeding at 30 DAS, mini-tiller at 30 DAS, and LaPoE (tembotrione 42% SC + atrazine 50% WP) applied as post-emergence. The Subarna variety of maize was chosen for the study. Fifteen weed species from seven different families were identified in the experimental area. Specific morphological and phenological parameters, such as plant height and days to tasseling and silking, were not significantly influenced by the weed control methods. However, significantly lower weed density and biomass were observed in the weed-free plot and LaPoE. Similarly, weed-free plots and LaPoE exhibited significantly higher weed control efficiency (WCE) and weed control index at both 45 and 60 DAS, leading to a lower weed index (0.00–16.71%) and more effective weed control. Concerning the yield parameters, cob length, number of kernels per row, and 1000-grain weight were significantly higher in weed-free plots, followed by LaPOE, and the highest grain and biological yield were observed in weed-free plot (6.14–15.18 tons/ha) and LaPoE (5.12–13.32 tons/ha). Moreover, the benefit-cost ratio and net return were observed to be highest with LaPoE. This study suggests that LaPoE can be an effective and economical weed management strategy for increasing maize yield and profitability. Further research could explore the long-term effects of using LaPoE on weed control and crop productivity

Evaluation of the Biennial Vaccination Campaign against Peste Des Petits Ruminants in the Bagamati Province in Nepal

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects goats and sheep. Morbidity can reach 90%, and mortality can reach 50–100% in severe cases. PPR is brought on by the Peste des petits ruminant’s virus. It is mostly transmitted by direct contact between infected and vulnerable animals. Bagmati Province, a potential province for goat and sheep farming, has conducted a weekly vaccination campaign against PPR disease with the approved action plan throughout the districts at the same time interval for two successive fiscal years, 2021 and 2022, aiming to facilitate systematic and effective immunization programs against this disease in Bagamati Province. Prior to the campaign, there was a continuous outbreak of PPR throughout the districts of Bagamati Province. Overall, vaccination coverage rates were found to be 70% and 77%, respectively, in FY 2021 and 2022. As a result, the community is now better protected against the infectious disease PPR, laying the foundation for improved animal health outcomes in the future. Seromonitoring was performed by the central veterinary laboratory in coordination with district veterinarians, and the results showed it to be effective. Due to the campaign, only two outbreaks have been reported to the date of the study, which in turn proved that the vaccination campaign was functional and has been a resounding success, effectively reaching a substantial portion of the target population. In conclusion, continued momentum in such campaigns is crucial to ensuring the longevity of this positive impact and fostering healthier and more quality products from sheep and goats